A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PLANUDES. PLATO. 391
and Epigrams in the works of ancient authors and A4ni7Cadv. in rEpiranim7tna An/li. Graec.; Id. P'raef.
inscriptions; the third volume contains the notes, ad Anth. ]'al.; Id. art. Anthologie in Ersch and
which are only critical and not explanatory, the Gruber's Encyclopiidie; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec.
indices, and the corrections of Paulssen, under the vol. iv. cap. 32; Hoffmann, Lexicon Bibliograph.
following title:-Apographi Gotloani, quenzadino- Script. Graec.; Schoell, Geschichte der Griechischen
dum id eapressuzm habenius in Editionis hnjus tam Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 37; Bernhardy, Grundriss
Textii qutan Comm. usque ad sectionenz decimam der G(riechiscwen Litleratur, vol. ii. pp. 1054quartanz cum ipso Codice Palatino diligenter nunc 1066.) [P. S.]
iteruml collati accurata co}rr ectio. Edidit, adjectispas- PLATAEA (IhAdrata), a daughter of Asopus,
Siuln observalionibus suis palaeographice criticis, Ant. who had a sanctuary at Plataeae (Paus. ix. 1. ~ 2,
Jac. Paaulssen, D. This appendix is preceded by 2. ~ 5), which according to some derived its name
a Prooeloiuam, containing a more exact account of from her, but according to others from the?rA'Tr7
the Palatine Codex than had previously appeared. Twcv Kcowrcv. (Strab. ix. p. 406; comp. p. 409,
The series of Greek and Latin authors, printed &c.) [L. S.]
by Tauchnitz, contains a very inaccurate reprint of PLATO (InTlrcWV), one of the chief Athenian
the work of Jacobs; Lips. 1829. 3 vols. 18mo. comic poets of the Old Comedy, was contemporary
Antholo se the orks of Jacobs. with Aristophanes, Phrynichus, Eupolis, and Pherecrates. (Suid. s. v.) He is erroneously placed by
Immense as were Jacobs's services for the Greek Eusebius (Chron.) and Syncellus (p. 247, d.) as
Anthology, much has still been left for his succes- contemporary with Cratinus, at 01. 81. 3, B. c. 454;
sors to accomplish, in the further correction of the whereas, his first exhibition was in O1. 88, B. c. 427,
text, the investigation of the sources and forms of as we learn from Cyril (adv. Julian. i. p. 13, b.),
the earlier Anthologies, the more accurate assign- whose testimony is confirmed by the above statemnent of many epigrams to their right authors, and ment of Suidas, and by the fact that the comedies
the collection of additional epigrams, especially from of Plato evidently partook somewhat of the characrecently-discovered inscriptions. The great scho- ter of the Middle Comedy, to which, in fact, some
lars of the day, such as Hermann, Welcker, Mei- of the grammarians assign him. He is mentioned
neke, and others, have not neglected this duty. by Marcellinus (Vit. Thuc. p. xi. Bekker) as conThe most important contributions are the follow- temporary with Thucydides, who died in 01. 97.2,
ing:- Welcker, Sylloge Epigramoz iatum G-aeco- B. c. 391; but Plato must have lived a few years
r-uzn, ex ilarmoribus et Lilbris collectorurn, et illus- longer, as Plutarch quotes from him a passage
tratoruam, studio F. T. Welckeri, Bonn. 1828, 8vo. which evidently refers to the appointment of the
with G. Hermann's review in the Ephemn. Lit. demagogue Agyrrhius as general of the army of
Lips. 1829, Nos. 148-151, and Welcker's reply, Lesbos in O1. 97. 3. (Plut. de Repub. gerend.
Aibweislmig der verungliicklen Conzjecturen des Herrn p. 801, b.) The period, therefore, during which
Prof. Hermnanza, Bonn, 1829, 8vo.: Cramer, Azec- Plato flourished was from B. c. 428 to at least B. C.
dota, vol. iv. pp. 366-388, Oxon. 1838, with 389.
Meineke's Epim. XIIL. to his Analecta Alexan- Of the personal history of Plato nothing more is
druina, Berol. 1 843, de Anthologiae Graecae Sipple- known, except that Suidas tells a story of his being
mseento nuper edito: Meineke, Delectus Poetaraum so poor that he was obliged to write comedies for
Anthologiae Graecae, cuan Adnotatione Critica. other persons (s.v.'ApKaias m.AIAoUmevoo). Suidas
Accedunt Conjectanea C0ritica de Anithologiae Graecae founds this statement on a passage of the Peisander
Locis controversis, Berol. 1843, 8vo. (comp. Zeit- of Plato, in which the poet alludes to his labouring
schrift fiir Alltertlhuinswissenschaft, 1845, No. 51): for others: but the story of his poverty is plainly
A. Hecker, Commnzent. Crit. de Anth. Graec. Lugd. nothing more than an arbitrary conjecture, made
Bat. 1843: R. Unger, Beilrsiie zuar Kritik der to explain the passage, the true meaning of which,
Griechischen Aiztholoyie, Neubrandenburg, 1844, no doubt, is that Plato, like Aristophanes, ex4to.; besides several other monographs; and an hibited some of his plays in the namles of other
extremely important article by G. Weigand, de persons, but was naturally anxious to claim the
FontibzTs atque Ordinie Anthologiae Clephalanae, in merit of them for himself when they had sucthe Riheinischzes Museum, vol. iii. pp. 161, seq. 541, ceeded, and that he did so in the Parabasis of the
seq. 1846, with an appendix in vol. v. pp. 276, Peisander, as Aristophanes does in the Parabasis
seq. 1847. There is also an article in the Revue of the Clouds. (See the full discussion of this subject
de Philologie for 1847, vol. ii. No. 4. pp. 305- under PHILONIDES.) The form in which the article
335, entitled Observations sur l'Antholoqie Grecque,'Apiacdas MIUO'LxeVOS is given by Arsenius ( Violet.
par M. le docteur N. Piccolos. Lastly, a passage ed. Walz, p. 76), completely confirms this interin the preface to Meineke's Delectuls intimates that pretation.
lie has contemplated an entirely new edition of the Plato ranked among the very best poets of the
Anthology, a work for which he is perhaps better Old Comedy. From the expressions of the gramqualified than any other living scholar. marians, and from the large number of fragments
Of the innumerable chrestomathies and delec- which are preserved, it is evident that his
tuses, the most useful for students is that of plays were only second in popularity to those
Jacobs, in the Bibliotheca Graeca, Delectus Epi- of Aristophanes. Suidas and other grammagrammatu1r Graec., quem novo ordine concinnavit et rians speak of him as haearpios rov xapaKf'spa.
comment. in ias. schiolar. instruxit F. Jacobs, Gothae, Purity of language, refined sharpness of wit, and
1826, 8vo. a combination of the vigour of the Old Comedy
()f the numerous translations into the modern with the greater elegance of the Middle and the
European languages, those best worth mentioning New, were his chief characteristics. Though
are the German translations of Herder, in his many of his plays had no political reference at all,
Zerstr. Blaitter, and of Jacobs, in his Temrpe and yet it is evident that he kept up to the spirit of the
Leben und Kunst der Allen (Jacobs, Proleyom. ad Old Comedy in his attacks on the corruptions and
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