A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

364 PHYTON. PICTOR.
marry her, and as he was prevented from keeping enjoyed high favour with the tyrant, but on dishis word, Phyllis hung herself, but was meta- coveiing his designs against Rhegium gave informamorphosed into an almond-tree, just at the tion of them to his countrymen, and was put to
momlent when at length Demophon came, and in death by Dionysius in consequence. [E. H. B.]
vain embraced the tree (Lucian, De Saltat. 40; PHY'XIUS (4,(4os), i. e, the god whoprotects
Tzetz. ad Lye. 495; comp. Hygin. Fab. 59; Serv. fugitives, occurs as a surname of Zeus in Thessaly
ad Viqy. Eclog. v. 10; Ov. Heroid. 2). In some (Schol. ad Apollon. ItlRod. ii. 1147, iv. 699; Palls.
of these passages we read the name of Acamas ii. 21. ~ 3, iii. 17. ~ 8), and of Apollo. (Philostr.
instead of Delophon. [L. S.] Her. x. 4.) [L. S.]
PHYLLIS, the nurse of Domitian. buried him PICTOR, the name of a family of the Fabia
after his assassination. (Dion Cass. lxvii. 18; Gens, which was given to them from the eminence
Suet. Dom. 17.) which their ancestor obtained as a painter. [See
PHYLLIS, musician. [PHmLLIS.] below, No. 1.]
PIIYRO;MACHUS (4WpouaXos), an Athenian I. C. FABIUS PICTOR. painted the temple of Salus
sculptor of the Cephissean demus, whose name (aedez Salutis pinxit), which the dictator C. Junius
occurs on an inscription discovered at Athens ill Brutus Bubh!lus contracted for in his censorship, n.c.
1835, as the maker of the bas-reliefs oa the frieze 307, and dedicated in his dictatorship, B. c. 302. This
of the celebrated temple of Athena Polias, which painting, which must have been on the walls of the
was built in 01. 91, B. c. 416-412 (Schill, Archiao- temple, was probably a representation of the battle
1ogisceme Mlittheilungen aus Griechenland, p. 125; which Bubulus had gained against the Samnites
It. Rochette, Lettre a M. Schorn2, p. 386, 2d ed.). [BUBULUS, No. 1]. This is the earliest Roman
There are also passages of the ancient writers, in painting of which we have any record. It was
which mention is made of one or more artists under preserved till the reign of Claudius, when the
the names of Phylomachus, Phyromachus, and Py- temple was destroyed by fire. Dionysius, in a
romachus, three names which might evidently be passage to which Niebulhr calls attention, praises
easily confounded. It will be more convenient to the great correctness of the drawing in this picture,
examine these passages under the article PYROMA- the gracefulness of the colouring and the absence
ctous, as that is the form in which most of them of all mannerism and affectation. (Plin. H.N.
give the name, and as the above inscription is the xxxv. 4. s. 7; Val. Max. viii. 14. ~ 6; Dionys.
only case in which we can be quite certain that xvi. 6, in Mai's Exc.; Cic. Tssc. i. 2. ~ 4; collp.
Plyromachus is the right form. [P. S.] Liv. x. 1; Niehuhr, Hi/st. of Romze, vol. iii. p. 356.)
PHYSADEIA (q4vadSeLa), a daughter of Da- 2. C. FlBIUS PiCTOR, son of No. 1, was consul
naus, from whom the well of Physadeia near B.c. 269, with Q. Ogulnius Gallus. The events
Argos, was believed to have derived its name. of his consulship are related under GALLUS, p. 228.
(Callim. Hymn. in Pall. 47.) [L. S.] 3. N. (i. e. Numerius) FABIUS PICTOR, also
PHYSCON. [PTOLEMxEUS.] son of No. 1, was consul B. c. 266 with D. JuPHYSSIAS (vuoialas), an Elean citizen of dis- nius Pera, and triumphed twice in this year, like
tinction who was taken prisoner by the Achaeans his colleague, the first time over the Sassinates, and
under Lycus of Pharae, when the latter defeated the second time over the Sallentini and Messapii
the allied forces of the Eleains and Aetolians under (Fasti). It appears to have been this Fabius Pictor,
EuRIPIDAS, B. c. 217. (Polyb. v. 94.) [E.H.B.] and not his brother, who was one of the three
PHYTALUS (,',raXos), an Eleusinian hero, ambassadors sent by the senate to Ptolemy Piilawho is said to have kindly received Demeter on delphus, in a. c. 276 (Val. Moax. iv. 3. ~ 9, with
her wanderings, and was rewarded by the goddess the Coummentators). For an account of this emwith a fig-tree (Paus. i. 37. ~ 2). To him the bassy see OGULNIUS.
noble Athenian family of the Phytalidae traced Cicero says that N. Fabius Pictor related the
their origin. (Plut. Thes. 12, 22.) [L. S.] dream of Aeneas in his Greek Annals (Cic. Div. i.
PHYTON (urWmOV), a citizen of Rhegium, who 21). This is the only passage in which mention is
was chosen by his countrymen to be their general, made of this annalist. Vossius (de Hist. Lati/z. i.
when the city was besieged by the elder Dionysius, p. 14) and Krause ( Vitae et Fragin. Hist. Roman.
B. c. 388. lie animated the Rhegians to the most p. 83) suppose him to be a son of the consul of
vigorous defence, anld displayed all the qualities B. c. 266, but Orelli (n0s02. Tu11. p. 246) and
and resources of an able general, as well as a brave others consider him to be the same as the consul.
warrior; and it was in great measure owing to One is almost tempted to suspect that there is a
him that the siege was protracted for a space of mistake in the praenomien, and that it ought to be
more than eleven months. At length, however, the Quintus.
besieged were compelled by famine to surrender, 4. Q. FABIUS PicToR, the son of No. 2, and
and the heroic Phyton fell into the hands of the the grandson of No. I, was the most ancient writer
tyrant, who, after treating him with the most cruel of Roman history in prose, and is therefore usually
indignities, put him to death, together with his son placed at the head of the Roman amnnalists. Thus he
and all his other relations (Diod. xiv. 108, 111, is called by Livy scri)torum) aentiqissimues (i. 44) a1d
112). Diodorus tells us that the virtues and un- longe antiqzuissimsus auctor (ii. 44). I-e served in
happy fate of Phyton were a favourite subject of the Gallic walr, B. c. 225 (Eutrop. iii. 5; Oros. iv.
lanmemntation with the Greek poets, but none of these 13; comp. Piin. I. V. x. 24. s. 34), and also ill
passages have come down to us. The only other the second Punic war; and that lie enjoyed consiauthor now extant who mentions the name of derable reputation among his contemporaries is
Phmyton is Philostratus ( Vit. Apoll. i. 35, vii. 2), evident from the circumstance of his being sent to
who appears to have followed a version of his story Delphi, after the disastrous battle of Caninae in n.C.
wholly different from that of Diodorus. According 216, to consult the oracle by what means tlhe
to this, Phyton was an exile from Rhegium, who Romans could propitiate the gods (Liv. xxii. 57,
ihad taken refuge at the court of Dionysius, and xxiii. 11; Appian, Anslib. 27). We learn from