A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

362 PHYLARCHUS. PH- YLARCHUS.
nothing more is known (Plut. Pyrrli. 1). HIer of the question. We may therefore conclude that
portrait is found on some of the coins of her son he was born either at Athens or Naucratis; and
Pyrrhus. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 170.) it is probable that the latter was his native town,
2. A daughter of Alexander II., king of Epeirus, and that he afterwards removed to Athens, where
who was married to Demetrius II., king of Mace- he spent the greater part of his life. Respecting
donia. The match was arranged by her mother the date of Phylarchus there is less uncertainty. We
Olympias, who was desirous of thus securing the learn from Polybius (ii. 56) that Phylarchus was
powerful assistance of the Macedonian king to a contemporary of Aratus, and gave an account of
support herself on the throne of Epeirus after the the same events as the latter did in his history.
death of Alexander. (Justin. xxviii. 1.) [E.H.B.] Aratus died B. c. 213, and his work ended at B. c.
PHTHIUS (,IOhos). 1. A son of Poseidon by 220; we may therefore place Phylarchus at about
Larissa, from whom Phthia in Thessaly was said B. c. 215.
to have derived its name. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. The credit of Phylarchus as an historian is
320; Dionys. i. 17.) vehemently attacked by Polybius (ii. 56, &c.),
2. One of the sons of Lycaon. (Apollod. iii. 8. who charges him with falsifying history through
~ 1.) [L. S.] his partiality to Cleomenes, and his hatred against
PHURNES, JOANNES. [JOANNES, NO. Aratus and the Achaeans. The accusation is
101.] probably not unfounded, but it might be retorted
PHURNU'TLTS (OovpvOUTos), is no other than with equal justice upon Polybius, who has fallen
L. Annaeus Cornutus [CORNUTUS, P. 859], whose into the opposite error of exaggerating the merits
mythological treatise was first published under this of Aratus and his party, and depreciating Cleoname, by Aldus, Venice, 1505, with the alias, how- menes, whom he has certainly both misrepreever, of Cornutus. He is also called IlohvavevKs sented and misunderstood. (Comp. Niebuhr,
IOVpvod-TOs, and Gesner says that a treatise under Kleine Schriften, vol. i. p. 270, note.) The
this name, treating of the labours of Hercules, was accusation of Polybius is repeated by Plutarch
extant in his time in one of the Venetian libraries (A rat. 38). but it comes with rather a bad grace
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 556). We trans- from the latter writer, since there can be little
cribe the title of the last edition of this work, doubt, as Lucht has shown, that his lives of Agis
from Engelmann's Bibliotheca: "Phurnutus (s. Cor. and Cleomenes are taken almost entirely from
nutus) L. Annaeus, De Natura Deorum ex schedis Phylarchus, to whom he is likewise indebted for
J. Bapt. d'Ausse de Villoison recens. commenta- the latter part of his life of Pyrrhus. The vivid
riisque instr. Frid. Ossanmus. Adjecta est J. de and graphic style of Phylarchus, of which we shall
Villoison de Theologia PhSsica Stoicorum com- say a few words below, was well suited to Plumentat. Gottingae." 1844. [W. M. G.] tarch's purpose. It has likewise been remarked
PHYA. [PEISISTRATUS, P. 170, a.] by Heeren (Comzment. Societ. Got/irg. vol. xv. pp.
PHYLACUS (,U'haacos). 1. A son of Deion 185, &c.), that Trogus Pompeius took from Phyand Diomede, was married to Periclymene or larchus that portion of his work which treated of
Clymene, the daughter of Minyas, by whom lie the same times as were contained in the history of
became the father of Iphiclts and Alcimede (Hom. Phylarchus. That Plutarch and Trogus borrowed
II. ii. 705; Apollod. i. 9. ~~ 4, 1] 2). He was be- allnost the very words of Phylarchus, appears from
lieved to be the founder of the town of Pllyltce, in a comparison of Justin, xxviii. 4, with Plutarch,
Thessaly (Eustath. ad I-omn. p. 323). The patro- Cleo7e. 29.
nymic Phylaceis is applied to his daughter Alci- The style of Phylarchus is also strongly cenmede (Apollon. Rhod. i. 47), and his descendants, sured by Polybius (I. c.), who blames him for
Plhylacus, Iphiclus, and Protesilaus are called writing history for the purpose of effect, and for
Phylacides. (Hom. I1. ii. 705; Propert. i. 19; seeking to harrow up the feelings of his readers by
comp. Hoem. Od. xv. 231.) the narrative of deeds of violence and horror.
2. A son of Iphiclus, and grandson of No. 1. This charge is to some extent supported by the
(Eustath. ad Horn. 1. c.) fragments of his work which have come down to
3. A Delphian hero, to whom a sanctuary was us; but whether he deserves all the reprehension
dedicated at Delphi. (Paus. x. 23. ~ 3, 8. ~ 4; which Polybius has bestowed upon him may well
Herod. viii. 39.) be questioned, since the unpoetical character of
4. A Trojan, who was slain by Leitus. (Hom. this great historian's mind would not enable him
II. xvi. 181.) [L. S.] to feel much sympathy with a writer like PhyPI-YLARCHUS (,PUaepXos). 1. A native of larchus, who seems to have possessed no small
Centuripa in Sicily, plundered by Verres. (Cic. share of imagination and fancy. It would appear
Verr. iv. 12, 23.) that the style of Phylarchus was too ambitious;
2. Of Halus, taken by the pirates off the coast it was oratorical, and perhaps declamatory; but at
of Sicily. (Cic. Verr. v. 34, 46.) the same time it was lively and attractive, and
PHYLARCHUS (.Iu'AapXos), a Greek histo- brought the events of the history vividly before
rical writer, was a contemporary of Aratus. The the reader's mind. He was, however, very negname is sometimes written Philarchus, but there ligent in the arrangement of his words, as Dionyis no reason to adopt the supposition of Wytten- sius has remarked. (Dionys. De Compos. Verb.
bach (ad Plut. de Is. et Osir. p. 211), that there c. 4.)
were two different writers, one named Phlylarclhus The following six works are attributed to Phyand the other Philalchus. His birthplace is larchus by Suidas:doubtful. We learn from Suidas (s. v.) that three 1.'Ioropial, in 28 books, of which we have
different cities are mentioned as his native place, already spoken, and which were by far the most
Athens, Naucratis in Egypt, or Sicyon; but as important of his writings. This work is thus
Athenaeus calls him (ii. p. 58, c) an Athenian or described by Suidas: -" The expedition of PyrNaucratian, we may leave the claims of Sicyon out rhus the Epeirot against Peloponnesus in 28