A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

358 PHRONTIS. PHRYLUS.
of Parthia, duringll the advance of Alexander against 2. A son of Onetor, was the helmsman of MeBessus, when he was detached by the king, toge- nelaus. (Horn. Od. iii. 282; Pans. x. 25. ~ 2.)
ther with Erigyius and Caranus to crush the revolt 3. The wife of Panthous, of whom Homer
of Satibarzanes, in Asia. He rejoined the king at speaks. (I1. xvii. 40.) [L. S.]
Zariaspa, the following year. The next winter PHRONTON (,pod'rwsv), the author of two
(B. c. 328-327), during the stay of Alexander at epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal.
Nautaca, we find Phrataphernes again despatched vol. ii. p. 346; Jacobs, lnth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 56,
to reduce the disobedient satrap of the Mardi and xiii. p. 938). Jacobs supposes him to be the rheTapuli, Autophradates, a service which he success- torician of Emisa, mentioned by Suidas (s. v.), who
filly performed, and brought the rebel a captive to lived in Rome in the reign of Severus, and died at
the king, by whom he was subsequently put to Athens at the age of sixty, and who was the uncle
death. HIe rejoined Alexander in India, shortly of the celebrated critic Longinus. He is constantly
after the defeat of Porus; but seems to have again confounded with the distinguished Roman orator,
returned to his satrapy, from whence we find him M. Cornelius Fronto, the tutor of M. Antoninus.
sending his son Pharasmanes with a large trainl of (See Ruhnken, Dissect. Philol. de Longino, ~ iii. p.
camels and beasts of burthen, laden with provisions 6, Opusc. p. 491.) [P. S.]
for the supply of the army during the toilsome PHRY'GIA (,pvyia), a daughter of Cecrops,
march through Gedrosia (Arr. Anab. iii. 8, 23, 28, from whom the country of Phrygia was believed
iv. 7, 18, v. 20, vi. 27; Curt. vi. 4. ~ 23, viii. 3. to have derived its name (Plin. H. N. v. 32).
~ 17, ix. 10. ~ 17). From this time wie hear no Phrygia is also used for Cybele, as the goddess
more of him until after the death of Alexander. who was worshipped above all others in Phrygia
In the first division of the provinces consequent on (Virg. Aen. vii. 139; Strab. x. p. 469), and as a
that event, he retained his government (Diod. xviii. surname of Athena (Minerva) on account of
3); but it is probable that he died previously to the Palladium which was brought from Phrygia.
the second partition at Triparadeisus (B.c. 321), (Ov. 1Vet. xiii. 337; compare Apollod. iii. 12.
as on that occasion we find the satrapy of Parthia ~ 3.) [L. S.]
bestowed on Philip, who had been previously go- PHRYGILLUS, an artist, who appears to
vernor of Sogdiana. (Droysen, Hellenismz. vol. i. have been one of the most ancient, as well as one
pp. 49, 151.) of the most celebrated medallists and engravers of
2. The king of the Chorasmians who is called precious stones. There is a very beautiful intaglio
Pharasmanes by Arrian [PHARASMANES, No. 1], by him, representing Love seated and supporting
bears in Curtius (viii. 1. ~ 8) the name of Phrata- himself on the ground, in the attitude of those
phernes. [E. H. B.] figures of boys playing the game of astragals, which
PHRIXUS (lpifos), a son of Athamas and so often occurs in the works of ancient art. The
Nephele or of Athamas and Themisto (Schol. ad form of the letters of the name'bPVrIAAO, the
Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1144), and brother of Helle, large size of the wings of the figure of Love, and
and a grandson of Aeolus (Apollon. Rhod. ii. the whole style of the gem, concur to show that
1141). In consequence of the intrigues of his the artist belonged to the earlier Greek school.
stepmother, Ino (others state that he offered him- There is also engraved upon this gem a bivalve shell,
self), he was to be sacrificed to Zeus; but Nephele which also occurs on the coins of Syracuse; whence
removed him and Helle, and the two then rode it may be inferred that the artist was a Syracusan.
away on the ram with the golden fleece, the gift of This conjecture becomes a certainty through the
Hermes, through the air. According to Hyginus fact, recently published by Raoul-Rochette, that
(Fab. 3), Phrixus and Helle were thrown by there exist medals of Syracuse, on which the name
Dionysus into a state of madness, and while wan- of Phrygillus is inscribed. One mredal of this type
dering about in a forest, they were removed by is in the possession of R. Rochette himself, who
Nephele. Between Sigeum and the Chersonesus, has given an engraving of it on the title-page of
Helle fell into the sea which was afterwards called his Lettre a Al. Scho/rn, by the side of an engraving
after her the Hellespont; but Phrixus arrived in of the gem already mentioned. Another medal of
Colchis, in the kingdom of Aeetes, who gave him this type is in the collection of the Duc de Luynes.
his daughter Chalciope in marriage (comp. Schol. The same collection contains another very beautiful
ad Apollon. RBod. ii. 1123, 1149). Phrixus sacri- Syracusan medal, in bronze, bearing the inscription
ficed the ram which had carried him, to Zeus IP~T, which no one can now hesitate to recognise as
Phyxius or Laphystius (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. the initial letters of the name Phrygillus. Raoulii. 653; Pans. i. 24. ~ 2), and gave its skin to Rochette accounts these three medals to be among
Aeetes, who fastened it to an oak tree in the the most precious remains of ancient numismatic
grove of Ares. art.
By Chalciope Phrixus became the father of The identification, in this instance, of a distinArgus, Melas, Phrontis, Cytisorus, and Presbon guished medallist and gem-engraver, goes far to
(Apollod. i. 9. ~ 1; Hygin. Fab. 14; Pans. settle the question, which has been long discussed,
ix. 34. ~ 5; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123; whether those professions were pursued by the
Tzetz. ad Lye..22; Diod. iv. 47). Phrixus same or by different classes of artists among the
died in old age in the kingdom of Aeetes, or, Greeks. (R. Rochette, Lettre a' Al. Schorn, pp. 79
according to others, he was killed by Aeetes in — 83, 148, 2d edition.) [P. S.]
consequence of an oracle (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1151; PHRYLUS, a painter, whom Pliny places at
Hygin. Fab, 3), or he returned to Orchomenus, in 01. 90, B. c. 420, with Aglaophon, Cephissodorus,
the country of the Minyans, (Paus. ix, 34. ~ 5; and Evenor, the father of Parrhasius; of all of
comp. ArTHAu As; JASON.) [L, S,] whom he says, that they were distinguished, but
PHRONTIS (Rpv'r-Ts). 1. A son of Phrixus not deserving of any lengthened discussion (omnes
and Chalciope. (Apollod. i. 9. ~ 1; Apollon, Rhod. jam illustres, non tamen in quibazs haerere ex'positio
ii. 1157; Hygin. Fab. 14.) debeat, H. -n. xxxv. 9. s. 36). [P. S.]