A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

356 PHRAATACES. PHRA NZA.
to the chronology of these meetings, which is dis- PHRAATES, the name of four kings of Parthia.
cussed by Tillernont in two of his careful notes. [ARSACES, V. VII. XII. XV.]
(i;[em. vol. xv. p. 897, &c.) Photius was present PHRAATES. I. A son of Phraates IV., was
at the Council of Ephesus, known as the' Concilium made king of Parthia by Tiberius, in opposition to
latrocinale," where he joined in acquitting the Artabanus III. (Arsaces XIX.), but was carried
archimandrite Eutyches, and restoring him to his off by a disease soon after his arrival in Syria, in
ecclesiastical rank from which he had been de- consequence of his discontinuing the Roman habit
posed. (Concil. vol. iv. col. 260, ed. Labbe, vol. ii. of living, to which he had been accustomed for so
col. 220, ed. Hardouin.) About the same time Pho- many years, and adopting that of the Parthians.
tius had a contest with Enstathius, bishop of Be- (Tac. Ann. vi. 31, 32; Dion Cass. lviii. 26.)
rytus, who had obtained an edict of the emperor [ARsACES XIX.]
Theodosius II., erecting Berytus into a metropolitan 2. A noble Parthian in the reign of Artabanus
see, as to the extent of their respective jurisdic- III. (Arsaces XIX.) (Tac. Annl. vi. 42, 43.)
tions. Tillemnont judges that the dignity accorded PL-RADMON (qpda6cowv), of Argos, a statuary,
to the see of Bervtus, was designed to be merely whom Pliny places, as the contemporary of Polytitular, and that the struggle was occasioned by the cleitus, Myron, Pythagoras, Scopas, and Perelius,
attempt of Eustathius to assume metropolitan ju- at 01 90, B. c. 420 (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19, accordrisdiction over some bishoprics previously under ing to the reading of the Bamberg MS.; the comthe jurisdiction of Tyre. In this attempt, being mon text places all these artists at O1. 87). He
supported by the patriarchs, Anatolius of Constan- was one of those distinguished artists who entered
tinople, and Maximus of Antioch, he effected his into the celebrated competition mentioned by
purpose: and Photius, after a struggle, was con- Pliny (I.e.), each making an Amazon for the
strained, not so much by an excommunication temple of Artemis at Ephesus: the fifth place was
which was speedily recalled, as by a threat of de- assigned to the work of Phradmon, who seems to
position, to submit. The jurisdiction of the dioceses have been younger than either of the four who
abstracted was, however, restored to Photius by were preferred to him. Pausaniias mentions his
the Council of Chalcedon, A. D. 451. (Concil. vol. iv. statue of the Olympic victor Amnertas (vi. 8. ~ 1);
col. 539, ed. Labbe, vol. ii. col. 435, &c., ed. Har- and there is an epigram by Theodoridas, in the
douin.) Photius was among those who at the Greek Anthology, on a group of twelve bronze
same council voted that Theodoret was orthodox, cows, made by Phradmon, and dedicated to Athena
and should be restored to his see. (Concil. col. 619, Itonia, that is, Athena, as worshipped at Iton in
ed. Labbe, col. 495, ed. Hardouin.) He also took Thessaly (Anlth. Pal. ix. 743; comp. Steph. Byz.
part in some of the other transactions of the as- s. s'.'IT-wv). Phradmon is also mentioned by Colusembly. Nothing further is known of him. There mella (R. R. x. 30). Respecting the true form of
is extant one piece of Photius, entitled AE'o-es, the name, which is sometimes corrupted into PhroayPreces s. Szsppkles Libellsus, addressed to the em- mon and PhAds-l on, and also respecting the readperors Valentinian III. and Marcian, respecting ing of the passage in Pliny, see Sillig. (Cat. Art.
the dispute with Eustathius of Berytus. It is s. v.. and Var. Lect. ad Plin. vol. v. p. 75.) [P. S.]
given in the Actio Quartl of the Council of Chal- PIHRANZA or PHRANZES (,pavv'3~i or
cedon. (Concilia, vol. iv. col. 542, &c., ed. Labbe, $pavr'TNs), the last and one of the most importanlt
vol. ii. col. 436, &c. ed. Hardouin.) Byzantine historians, was born in A. D. 1401,
A Synopsis de Conciliis, extant in MS., is and was appointed chamberlain to the emperor
ascribed to Photius of Tyre: this cannot be, as Manuel II. Palaeologus in 1418, at the youthful
some have supposed, the same work as the Epitome age of sixteen years and six months, according to
Actorum Conciliorlui, also extant in MS., and as- his own statement (i. 36). From this circumcribed to the more celebrated Photius, patriarch stance, from his subsequlently rapid promotion, and
of Constantinople. (Tillemont, Amnz. 1l. cc.; from the superior skill he evinced in his public life,
Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 451, vol. i. p. 443; we may conclude both that he was of high birth,
Fabric. Bibliotlh. Graec. vol. x. p. 678, vol. xii. p. and must be possessed of eminent talents. In 1423
358.) [J. C. M.] ie accompanied Lucas Notaras and Melanchrenos
PHOXIDAS (,4oStias), a leader of Greek urer- Manuel on an embassy, from the dowager empress
cenaries in the service of Ptolemy Philopator. He Eudoxia to the Sultanin, wife of Miirad II.
is called by Polybius, in one passage, an Achaean, Masnuel recommended him, when dying, to his soin
in another a Melitaean, by which is probably John VII.; but Phranza attached himself espemeant a native of Melitaea, in Phthiotis (Schweigh. cially to the new emperor's brother Constantine,
ad Polyb. v. 63). Having had much experience afterwards the last emperor of Constantinople, and
in war under Demetrius II., and Antigonsus Doson, then prince of the Morea. In his service Phranza
he was one of the officers selected by Agathocles distinguished himself as a diplomatist, a warrior,
and Sosibius, the ministers of the Egyptian king, and a loyal subject. At the siege of Patras he
to levy and discipline an army with which to oppose saved his master from imminent death or captivity,
the progress of Antiochus III. He appears to and not being able to effect his purpose without
have ably discharged the duties entrusted to him, sacrificing his own person, he nobly preferred the
and when the army was at length able to take the latter, and thus fell into the hands of the enemy.
field, held the command of a body of 8000 Greek During forty days he suffered most cruel privations
mercenaries, with which he rendered important in a deep dungeon, and when he was at last ranservices at the great battle of Raphia (B.c. 217), somed, lie was so emaciated that Constantine shed
alld contributed essentially to the victory of the tears at his sight (1429). Some time afterwards
Egyptian monarch on that occasion. (Polyb. v. he was sent, together with Marcus Palaeologus, as
63 65, 85). [E. H. B.] ambassador to Sultan Miirad II.; and it is a characPHRAATACES, king of Partlia. [ARsAccEs teristic feature of the time, that at a banquet given
XV I.] by him and his colleague to some Turkish minis.