A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PItOTIUS. PHOTIUS. 355
mentary on the Prophets, Prophetarum Liber, King's Library at Paris, is probably from the
ascribed to him by Cave, Fabricius, and others, Bibliotheca (Mai, Proleg. p. 1.). Some works have
appears to have no real existence; the supposition perished, as that against the heretic Leontius of
of its existence was founded on the misapprehension Antioch, mentioned by Suidas (s. v. Alo'vrios).
of a passage in Possevino's Apparatus Sacer. (Mai, Photius wrote also against the emperor Julian
Prolegom. ut sup. p. 1.) 3. lomliliae XIV., (Phot. Epist. 187, ed. Montac.), and in defence of
extant in MS. at Moscow, of the subjects of which the use of images. Some writings, or fragments of
a list is given in theAuctarimln Novissimum (ad calc. I writings of his on this subject (Adversus Iconovol. i. ) of Combefis, in the De Scriptoribus Eccle- machos et Paulicianos, and De Differentia inter sacras
siasticis of Oudin (col. 210, &c.), and in the Biblio- Imagines atque Idola) are extant in the Imperial
theca Graeca (vol. xi. p. 30, &c.) of Fabricius. To I Library at Vienna, but whether in distinct works,
these may be added two other homilies, De Ascen- or under what title, does not appear to be known.
sione, and In Festo Epiphaniae, and an Encomniumn In the Synodicon of Bishop Beveridge (vol. ii. ad
Proto-Martyris Theclae (Fabric. ibid.). 4. Odae. fin. part i.) a short piece is given, of which the
Nine are or were extant in a MS. formerly belong- running title is Balsamon in Photii Interrogationes
ing to the college of Clermont, at Paris; and three quorumdam /MIonachoruml; but the insertion of the
in an ancient Barberini MS. at Rome. The latter name of Photius is altogether incorrect; the work
are described by Mai (Proleg. p. xliv.) as of mo- belongs to the time of the emperor Alexius I. Comderate length, and written in pleasing verse. Some nenus. The LExegesis, or Commentary of Elias
Epigranmmzata of Photius are said to be extant Cretensis [ELIAS, No. 5] on the Scala Paradisi of
(Montfaucon, Bibl. Coislin. p. 520); but the uts- Joannes Climacus, is, in a MS. of the Coislinian
Xnrp5o, In Methodiumn CPol., said to be given in library (Montfaucon, Bibl. Coislin. p. 141), improthe Acta Sanctorum, Junii, vol. ii. p. 969, is not to perly ascribed to Photius.
be found there. 5.'E7rLsAo/7A'vy 7rpacrT1KCtiv C' Two learned Romanists, Joannes Andresius and
e7rTa oiKovuevAvrccv oavv6ov, Epitome Actorum Jacobus Morellius,have inrecent times contemplated
Conciliorum septem Generaliunz. This is described the publication of a complete edition of the works
by Cave and Fabricius as a different work from the of Photius; the latter proceeded so far as to draw
published piece [No. 4, above]. Some critics have up a Con>spectus of his proposed edition (Mai, Proleg.
doubted whether it is different from the similar p. xliv.). But unfortunately the design has never
work ascribed to Photius of Tyre [No. 3]: but as been completed; and the works of the greatest
this prelate lived in the time of the third or genius of his age have yet to be sought in the
fourth councils, he could not have epitomised the various volumes and collections, older or more recent,
Acta of the fifth, sixth, and seventh. So that the in which they have appeared. (Cave, IHist. Litl.
Epitome cannot be by Photius of Tyre, whatever vol. ii. p. 47, &c. ed. Oxford, 1740-1743; Fabric.
doubt there may be as to its being the work of Bibliothl. Graec. vol. i. p. 701, vol. vi. p. 603, vol.
our Photius. 6. The Syntagma Cacnonurn has vii. p. 803, vol. x. p. 670, to vol. xi. p. 37, vol. xii.
been already mentioned in speaking of the Nomo- pp. 185, 210, 216, 348; Oudin, Comment. de Scripcanon. 7. Iepl T7iS TOr a' YLyov Ilvefa'Tros,UGu- torib. et Scr-iptis Lccles. vol. ii. col. 200, &c.; Han-.ra-ywyas, De Spiritus Sancti Disciplina Arcana, kius, De Reraum Byzantin. Scriptorib. pars i. c. 18;
s. liep' Toso dyouV KaL woooroLou cal 7rpoo vsvrov Duspin, NAouvelle Bibliotheque des Anuteurs Eccles.
7rvYSeia'rOs, Liber de Spiritu Sancto, addressed IXme Si/cle, p. 346, 2me edit. 1698; Ceillier,
to a bishop Bedas, and different from the pub- Auteurs Sacres, vol. xix. p. 426, &c.; Ittigius, De
lished work, No. 9. It is described by Mai, who Bibliothecis Patruzm, passim; Gallandius, Biblioth.
has given some extracts (Proleg. p. xlv.), as Patrum, prolegom. in vol. xiii.; Fontani, De Photio
"liber luculentus, varius, atque prolixus." It is Novae Romae Episcopo ejusque Scriptis Dissertatio,
ascribed in one MS., but by an obvious error, to prefixed to vol. i. of the Novae Eruditorum DeMetrophanes of Smyrna. 8. Ta 7rapd'rSs EKKXAs- liciae; Mai, Scriptor. Vet. Nova Collectio, proleg.
rtas T'o Aa'ertswV ai'1rTcva'a YsEpoKda', Adversus La- in vol. i.; Assemnani, Bibliotheca Juris Orientalis,
tinorum Ecclesiam Criminationes Pa-ticulares. 9. lib. i. c. 2, 7, 8, 9; VossiLs, De Historicis Graecis,
Contra Francos et Latinos (Mai, Proleg. p. xlviii.); lib. ii. c. 25.)
a very short piece. Various other pieces are men- 3. Of TxYRF. On the deposition of Irenaeus,
tioned by Cave, Lambecius, Fabricius, and Mai, as blshop of Tyre, in A. D. 448, Photius was apextant in MS.; but some of these are only frag- pointed his successor. Evagrins (H. E. i. 10)
ments of the published writings (Mai, Proleg. p. 1) makes the deposition of Irenaeus one of the acts
enumerated by mistake as separate works. The of the notorious Council of Ephesus, held in A. D.
work In Categorias Aristotelis, now or formerly 449, and known as the " Concilium Latrocinale:"
extant in Vienna and Paris, is apparently a part of but Tillemont more correctly considers that the
the Amphilochia (Mai, Proleg. p. xxxvi.). The council only confirmed the previous deposition.
works De Episcopis et Metropolitis, and the Anno- (MIenmosires, vol. xv. p. 268.) Photius of Tyre was
tatio de Patriarchis sede sua injuste pulsis, mentioned one of the judges appointed by the emperor Theoby Cave and Fabricius, appear to be either the In- dosius II., in conjunction with Eustathius, bishop
terrogationes decems published by Fontani, or a part of Berytus and Uranius, bishop of Himerae in
of that work. (See No. 11 of the published Osrhoene, to hear the charges against Ibas, bishop
works.) The Symbolunm Fidei mentioned by Lam- of Edessa. Photius, Eustathius, and Uranius, met
becius, Cave, and Harles (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. at Berytus, and Photius and Eustathius again met
xi. p. 30), is part of one of the letters to Pope Nico- at Tyre, in the year 448 or 449, heard the charges,
lasus: and the Liber de Pulsione Ignatii ac Restitu- acquitted Ibas, and brought about a reconciliation
tione mentioned by Montfaucon (Bibl. Bibliotheca- between him and his accusers, who were presbyarum, p. 123), isalsopart of a letter of Pope Nicolaus; ters of his own church at Edessa. (Conlcil. vol. iv.
and the fragment De decem Oratoribus, mentioned col. 627, &c., ed. Labbe, vol. ii. col. 503, &c., ed.
by Vossius and others, and extant in MS. in the Hardouin.) There is a considerable difficulty as
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