A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHOEBE. PIHOENICIDES. 343
contained some of the same old verses, the true goddess of the moon (Luna), the moon being reauthorship of which was unknown. (Fabric. Bibl. garded as the female Phoebus or sun. (Virg.
Graec. vol. ii. p. 720, &c.; Ulrici, Gesch. d. liellen. Georq. i. 431, Aen. x. 215; Ov. Iertoid. xx.
Dichtk. vol. ii. pp. 452 —454; Bode, Gesch. d. Lyr. 229.) [L. S.]
Dicht. vol. i. pp. 243, &c.; Bernhardy, Gesch. d. PHOEBE, a freedwoman of Julia, the daughter
Griech. Lit. vol. ii. pp. 358-361.) [P. S.] of Augustus, having been privy to the adulteries of
PHOEBA'DIUS, bishop of Agen, in South- her mistress, hung herself when the crimes of the
western Gaul, about the middle of the fourth cen- latter were detected; whereupon Augustus detury, was an eager champion of orthodoxy, but at dared that he would rather have been the father of
the council of Ariminum, in A. D. 359, was en- Phoebe than of his own daughter. (Suet. Aug. 65
trapped, along with Servatio, a Belgian bishop, by Dion Cass. lv. 10.)
the artifices of the prefect Taurus, into signing an PHOE'BIDAS (,ogilast), a Lacedaemonian,
Arian confession of faith, which, upon discovering who, in B. c. 382, at the breaking out of the Olynlthe fraud, he openly and indignantly abjured. He thian war, was appointed to the command of the
subsequently took an active part in the council of troops destined to reinforce his brother Endamidas,
Valence, held in A. D. 374, and, as we learn from who had been sent against Olynthus. On his way.lerome, lived to a great age. Phoebidas halted at Thebes, and, with the aid of
One work unquestionably composed by Phoeba- Leontiades and his party, treacherously made himdius has descended to us, entitled Contra Arianos self master of the Cadimeia. According to Diodorus
Liber, a tract written about A. D. 358, in a clear, he had received secret orders from the Spartan goanimated, and impressive style for the purpose of ex- vernment to do so, if occasion should offer; while
posing the errors contained in a document well Xenophon merely tells us that, being a man of
known in ecclesiastical history as theSecond Sirmnian more gallantry than prudence, and loving a dashing
Creed, that is, the Arian Confession of Faith, action better than his life, he listened readily to the
drawn up by Potamius and Hosius, and adopted persuasions of Leontiades. Be that as it may,
by the third council of Sirmium, in 357, in which Agesilaus vindicated his proceedings, on the sole
the word Consubstantial is altogether rejected, and ground that they were expedient for the state, and
it is maintained that the Father is greater than the the Spartans resolved to keep the advantage they
Son, and that the Son had a beginning. This had gained; but, as if they could thereby save
essay was discovered by Peter Pithou, and first their credit in Greece, they fined Phoebidas 100,000
published at Geneva in 1570, by Beza, in an octavo drachmas, and sent Lysanoridas to supersede him
volume, containing also some pieces by Athanasius, in the command. WVhen Agesilaus retired from
Basil, and Cyril; it was subsequently printed by Boeotia after his campaign there in B. c. 378,
Pithou himself, in his Vzeterum aliquot Galliae Phoebidas was left behind by him as harmost, at
T/Leologorumz Scripta, 4to. 1586, and is contained in Thespiae, and annoyed the Thebans greatly by his
almost all the large collections of Fathers. It was continued invasions of their territory. To make
edited in a separate form by Barth, 8vo. Francf. reprisals, therefore, they marched with their whole
1623, and appears under its best form in the Biblio- army into the Thespian country, where, however,
theca Patrumn of Galland, vol. v. p. 250, fol. Venet. Phoebidas effectually checked their ravages with
1763. his light-armed troops, and at length forced thema
In addition to the above, a Liber de Fide Ortho- to a retreat, during which he pressed on their rear
doxa and a Libellus Fidei, both found among the with good hopes of utterly routing them. But
works of Gregory of Nazianzus (Orat. xlix. 4), the finding their progress stopped by a thick wood,
former among the works of Ambrose also (Append. they took heart of necessity and wheeled round on
vol. ii. p. 345, ed. Bened.) have, with considerable their pursuers, charging them with their cavalry,
probability, been ascribed to Phoebadius. These, and putting them to flight. Phoebidas himself,
as well as the Liber contra Arianos, are included with two or three others, kept his post, and was
in the volume of Galland referred to above. See slain, fighting bravely. This is the account of
also his Prolegomenea, cap. xv. p. xxiv. (Hieron. Xenophon. Diodorus, on the other hand, tells us
de Viris Ill. 108; Schonemann, Bibl. PaCtrnms Lat. that he fell in a sally from Thespiae, which the
vol. i. cap. iii. ~ 11; BRhr, Geschicdlt. der RMm. Thebans had attacked. (Xen. Hell. v. 2. ~~ 24,
Litterat. suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. ~ 63.) [W. R.] &c. 4. ~~ 41-46; Diod. xv. 20, 33; Plut. Ages.
PHOEBE ('Ioaig). 1. A daughter of Uranus 23, 24, Pelop. 5, 6, de Gen. Soc. 1; Polyb. iv. 27;
and Ge, became by Coeus the mother of Asteria Polyaen. ii. 5.) [E. E.]
and Leto. (Hes. Theog. 136, 404, &c.; Apollod. PHOEBUS (,bo?7os), i.e. the shining, pure or
i. 1. ~ 3, 2. ~ 2.) According to Aeschylus (Eum. bright, occurs both as an epithet and a name of
6) she was in possession of the Delphic oracle after Apollo, in his capacity of god of the sun. (Hom.
Themis, and prior to Apollo. 11. i. 43, 443; Virg. Aen. iii. 251; Horat. Carm.
2. A daughter of Tyndareos and Leda, and a iii. 21, 24; Macrob. Sat. i. 17; comp. APOLLO,
sister of Clytaemnestra. (Eurip. Iph. Aul. 50; Ov. HELIOS.) Some ancients derived the name from
I:eroid. viii. 77.) Apollo's grandmother Phoebe. (Aeschyl. Eunm.
3. A nymph married to Danaus. (Apollod. ii. 8.) [L. S.]
1. ~ 5.) PHOEBUS, a freedman of the emperor Nero,
4. A daughter of Leucippus, and sister of Hi- treated Vespasian during the reign of the latter
laeira, a priestess of Athena, was carried off with with marked insult, but received no further punishher sister by the Dioscuri, and became by Poly- ment than the same treatment on the accession of
deuces the mother of Mnesileos. (Apollod. iii. 10. Vespasian to the throne. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 6; Dion
~ 3; Paus. ii. 22. ~ 6; comp. DioscuRI.) Cass. lxvi. 11; Suet. Vesp. 14.)
5. An Amazon who was slain by Heracles. PHOENI'CIDES (',owmlKei8s), of Megara, a
(Diod. iv. 16.) comic poet of the New Comedy, who must have
6. A surname of Artemis in her capacity as the flourished between 01. 125 and 130, B. c. 280 and
z 4