A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

334 PHILOX ENUS. PH ILUMENUS.
Bergk, on Greek Comedy; the Histories of Greek his recent German translation (Zusawinengesetzte
Poetry, by Ulrici and Bode; and Bernhardy, Heilmittel der Araber, &c. p. 215). [W. A. G.]
Gesci. d. Griechs. Litt. vol. ii. pp. 548-551. PHILO'XENUS, a painter of Eretria, the dis2. The other Philoxenus already referred to, the ciple of Nicomachus, whose speed in painting he
Leucadian, was the son of Eryxis, and seems him- imitated and even surpassed, having discovered
self also to have had a son of the name of Eryxis some new and rapid methods of colouring (such, at
(Aristoph. Ran. 945). He was a most notorious least, appears to be the meaning of Pliny's words,
parasite, glutton, and effeminate debauchee; but breoviores etiamnumn quasdam picturas cozmpendiarias
he seems also to have had great wit and good- invenit, H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 36. ~ 22). Neverhumour, which made him a great favourite at the theless, Pliny states that there was a picture of his
tables which he frequented. The events of his which was inferior to none, of a battle of Alexanlife are of so little importance in themselves, and der with Dareius, which he painted for king Casthe statements concerning him are so mixed up sander. A similar subject is represented in a celewith those which relate to Philoxenus of Cythera, brated mosaic found at Pompeii, which, however,
that it is enough to refer for further information to the best critics think to have been copied, more
the works uponl that poet, quoted above, especially probably, from Helena's picture of the battle of
Schmidt (p. 9, &c.). He seems to be the same Issus (see MUller, Arclihol. d. Kunst, ~ 163, n. 6).
person as the Philoxenus surnamed a IIrepponrowrs, As the disciple of Nicomachus, who flourished
and also the same as the Philoxenus of the Diomeian about B. c. 360, and as the painter of the battle
demus, both' of whom are ridiculed by the comic above-mentioned, Philoxenus must have flourished
poets for their effeminacy. under Alexander, about B.c. 330 and onwards.
3. A poet of Siphnus, mentioned in a passage of The words of Pliny, " Cassandro regi," if taken
Pollux (iv. 66), where however the name seems literally, would show that the date of his great
to be a false reading for Theoxenides (Meineke, picture must have been after B.C. 317 or 315,
Hist. Crit. CoGn. Graec. p. 89; Schmidt, p. 22). for from one of those two years the reign of Cas4. A celebrated Alexandrian grammarian, who sander must be dated. (Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p.
taught at Rome, and wrote on Homer, on the Ionic 236.) [P. S.]
and Laconian dialects, and several other gramma- PHILO'XENUS, C. AVIAINUS, recomtical works, among which was a Glossary, which was mended by Cicero to the proconsul Acilius, B. c.
edited, by H. Stephanus, Paris, 1573, fol.; also in 46. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 35.)
Bonav. Vulcan. Thesaur. Lugd. Bat. 1600, fol., by PHILOZOE. [TLEPOLEMUS.]
Labbeus, with Cyril's Glossary, Paris, 1] 679, fol.; PHI'LTEAS (,tXrE'as), of Calacte, an historical
and in the London edition of Stephanus's Thesaurus, writer, the author of a work in the Ionic dialect,
vol. ix. 1826. (Suid. s. v.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. entitled NatlaK&a, of which the third book is quoted
vol. vi. pp. 193, 376, 634; Osann, in his Philemon, by Tzetzes (Schol. ad Lycophr. 633). He is also
pp. 321, &c.; Schmidt, p. 22.) mentioned in a passage of Eustathius (ad 11om. p.
5. The author of an epigram in the Greek An- 1885. 51), where, however, the name is corrupted
thology, on Tlepolemus, the son of Polycritus, who into Pdiletas, and Eudocia, copying the error,
gained an Olympic victory in 01. 131, B. c. 256 places the Nalarcd among the works of Philetas of
(Paus. v. 8). This must, therefore, be somewhere Cos ( Violar. p. 424). That Philteas is the true
about the date of the poet, of whom nothing more is form of the name is clear from a passage in the
known. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 58; Jacobs, Etymologicum Maqznunm (p. 795. 12), which, howAnth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 58, vol. xiii. p. 937.) ever, contains another error, in the words O Kateod6. A geographical writer, who seems to have been gsevos fero7ptOds, where the Cod. Leid. has o Krathe author of a work on rivers. (Schol. ad Lycophr. AacCaos, and the true reading is no doubt O KaxaKCassand. 1085, 1185; Cyrilli Lexicon, ap. Cramer, r-aoes, which should probably also be substituted
A necd. Paris. vol. iv. p. 184.) for EfrT KaAAhos in the passage of Eustathius (see
7. A Persian by birth, who afterwards was Meineke, Anal. Alex. pp. 351-353). [P.S.]
made a bishop, A. D. 485, and became one of the first PHI'LTIAS, a vase painter, whose name occurs
leaders of the iconoclasts (Schmidt, p. 23). [P. S.] on two of the vases in the Canino collection, in the
PHILO'XENUS (bIAtSevos), an Aegyptian forms PITIA and 4IVTIA4,which Raoul-Rochette
surgeon, who, according to Celsus (De Medic. vii. and Gerhard at first read Plintias, but which most
Praef. p. 137), wrote several valuable volumes on sur- antiquaries, including R. Rochette, now read Philgery. He is no doubt the same person whose medical tias. (R. Rochette, Letgre a Al. Schoren, p. 55, 2d
formulae are frequently quoted by Galen, and who ed.) [P. S.]
is called by him Claudius Philoxenus. (De Compos. PHILU'MENUS (quholA.uvos), a Greek phylliedicaum. sec. Gen. ii. 17, iii. 9, vol. xiii. pp. 539, sician, mentioned by an anonymous writer in Dr.
645.) As he is quoted by Asclepiades Pharmacion Cramer's " Anecdota" (Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iv.
(ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iv. 7, p. 196) as one of the most eminent members of his
vol. xii. p. 731; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. profession. Nothing is known of the events of his
iii. 9, iv. 13, vol. xiii. pp. 545, 738), he must have life, and with respect to his date, as the earliest
lived in or before the first century after Christ. author who quotes him is Oribasius (Coll. Aledic.
He is quoted also by Soranus (De Arte Obstetr. viii. 45, p. 361; Synops. iii. pp. 45, 49, viii. 6, 8,
p. 136), Paulus Aegineta (DeMed. iii. 32, vii. 11, 11, 17, pp. 121, 122, 123, 124), it can only be
pp. 453, 658), Aetius (ii. 3. 77, iv. 3. 7, iv. 4. 43, said that he must have lived in or before the fourth
pp. 331, 744, 800), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De century after Christ. None of his writings are
Compos. Medicam. i. 239, 240, p. 411), and also extant, but numerous fragments are preserved by
by Avicenna (Canon, v. 2. 2, vol. ii. p. 249, ed. A'tius (see Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. p. 328, ed.
Arab.), where the name is corrupted into Filo- vet.). He is quoted also by Alexander Trallianus
desifis, in the old Latin version (vol. ii. p. 319, ed. (viii. 5, 8, pp. 246, 251), and Rhazes (Cont.
1595), and into Phylocasanes by Southeimer in v. 1). [W. A. G.]