A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

OLYMPIODORUS. OLYMPUS. 25
of the philosophical expressions of Plato. His OLYMPIO'STHENES ('OAvju7rio01vls), a
style, as might have been expected, is marked by sculptor, whose country is unknown, made three
several of the solecisms of his age, but exhibits in of the statues of the Muses, which were set up on
the main a constant endeavour after purity and Mt. Helicon, and the other six of which were made
accuracy. His scholia, as we have them, were put by Cephisodotus and Strongylion. (Paus. ix. 30.
into a written form by his pupils, from notes which ~ 1.) It may safely be inferred that the three
they took of his lectures, and are distributed into artists were contemporary; but, looking only at
wrpdaEls, or lessons. The inscriptions which precede the' passage of Pausanias, it is doubtful whether
the scholia state that they were written 7rp (powvi' the elder or the younger Cephisodotus is meant.
OAuviurrio5cpov roe seO'Xov OULA oopoev. This will It appears, however, from other evidence that
probably account for many of the defects of style Strongylion was a contemporary of Praxiteles, and
observable in Olympiodorus. Of his compositions therefore of the elder Cephisodotus. [STRONGYthere have come down to us a life of Plato; a LION.] According to this, the date of Olympiospolemical work against Strato (in MS. at Munich); thenes would be about B. c. 370. [P. S.]
and scholia on the Gorgias, Philebus, Phaedo, and OLY'MPIUS ('OxtJ7rLio), the Olympian, ocAlcibiades I. of Plato. Whether these were all curs as a surname of Zeus (Hom. II. i. 353),
the works of Plato on which he commented, or Heracles (Herod. ii. 44), the Muses (Olympiades,
not, we do not know. The life of Plato was pub- I11. ii. 491), and in general of all the gods that
lished in Wetstein's edition of Diogenes Lagrtius, were believed to live in Olympus, in contradisin 1692, from the posthumous papers of Is. Casau- tinction from the gods of the lower world. (I. i.
bon. It was again published by Etwall, in his 399; comp. Paus. i. 18. ~ 7, v. 14. ~ 6, vi. 20.
edition of three of Plato's dialogues, Lond. 1771; ~ 2.) [L. S.]
and by Fischer, in his edition of some dialogues of OLY/MPIUS ('OAiu7rios), a lawyer, born proPlato, Leipzig, 1783. Some of themore important bably at Tralles in Lydia, in the sixth century
scholia on the Phaedo were published by Nathan after Christ. His father's name was Stephanus,
Forster, Oxford, 1752; by Fischer (I. c.); and who was a physician (Alex. Trall. De Medic. iv. 1,
in a more complete form, by Mystoxides and p. 198); one of his brothers was the physician
Schinas, in their -vxAoy7i'EAAvcKwv dvec0'orwv;, Alexander Trallianus; another the architect and
Venice, 1816. The scholia to the Gorgias were mathematician Anthemius; and Agathias menpublished by Routh, in his edition of the Euthy- tions (Hist. v. p. 149, ed. 1660) that his other two
demus and Gorgias, Oxford, 1784; those to the brothers, Metrodorus and Dioscorus, were both
Philebus by Stallbaum, in his edition of Plato, eminent in their several professions. [W. A. G.]
Leipzig, 1826; those on the Alcibiades by Creuzer, OLY'MPIUS NEMESIA/NUS. [NEMESIFrankfort, 1821. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol x. p. AnvUS.]
631.) OLYMPUS (OAxviuros). 1. Ateacher of Zeus,
7. An Aristotelic philosopher, the author of a after whom the god is said to have been called the
commentary on the Meteoroloqica of Aristotle, Olympian. (Diod. iii. 73.)
which is still extant. He himself (p. 37, 6) speaks 2. The father of Marsyas. (Apollod. i. 4. ~ 2.)
of Alexandria as his residence, and (p. 12, 6) men- 3. A disciple of Marsyas, and a celebrated flutetions the comet which appeared in the 281st year player of Phrygia. For a further account of this
of the Diocletian era (.&. D. 565), so that the period personage, who is closely connected with the hiswhen he lived is fixed to the latter half of the torical Olympus, see the following article.
sixth century after Christ. His work, like the 4. The father of Cius, from whom Mount Olymscholia of the Neo-Platonic philosopher of the pus in Mysia was believed to have received its
same name, is divided into 7rpdaems; from which it name. (Schol. ad Theocr. xiii. 30.)
would seem that the Aristotelic philosophy was 5. A son of Heracles by Euboea. (Apollod. ii.
taught at Alexandria even after the Neo-Platonic 7. ~ 8.)
school had become extinct. Like Simplicius, to 6. Olympus, the abode of the gods also requires
whom, however, he is inferior, he endeavours to a few words of comment in this place. Mount
reconcile Plato and Aristotle. Of Proclus he speaks Olympus is situated in the north-east of Thessaly,
with great admiration, styling him o6 aeos; but his and is about 6,000 feet high; on its summit which
great authority is Ammonius. His commentary rises above the clouds of heaven, and is itself cloudwas published by the sons of Aldus, at Venice, less, Hephaestus had built a town with gates, which
1551. (Fabric. Bibl, Graec. vol. x. p. 628, &c., was inhabited by Zeus and the other gods. (Od.
who gives a list of the authors quoted by him.) vi. 42, 11. xi. 76.) The palace of Zeus contained
8. Surnamed Diaconus or Monachus, an eccle- an assembly-hall, in which met not only the gods
siastic who lived in the sixth century. He sustained of Olympus, but those also who dwelt on the earth
the office of diaconus in Alexandria. He is men- or in the sea. (II. xx. 5.) This celestial mountioned with commendation by Anastasius Sinaita, tain must indeed be distinguished from heaven;
who flourished not later than A. D. 680-700. He but as the gods lived in the city which rose above
wrote commentaries on the books of Job, Ezra, the clouds and into heaven, they lived at the same
Jeremiah, and Ecclesiastes. The notes on Job, time in heaven, and the gates of the celestial city
entitled Hypotheses in Librum Jobi, were published were at the same time regarded as the gates of
in a Latin translation, byPaulus Comitolus, Venice, heaven. (II. v. 749, &c.) [L. S.]
1587; and, with those on Jeremiah, in the Catenae OLYMPUS ('OXvu7ros), the physician in ordiPatrum Graecorum. The commentary on Eccle- nary to Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, who aided her
siastes was published in Greek in the Auctarium in committing suicide, B. c. 30, and afterwards
Ducaeanum Bibliotlecae Patrum, Paris, 1624. published an account of her death. (Plut. Anton.
Latin translations of it have been several times c. 82.) [W. A. G.]
published. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. x. p. 627; OLYMPUS ('OAvu7ros), musicians. Suidas
H1offmann, Lex. Bibl. vol. iL p. 158.) [C. P. M.] distinguishes three Greek musicians of this name,