A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

330 PHILOTHEUS. PHILOTHEUS.
xenus, but it would seem that this was only in ALEXANDRIA, a man of luxurious habits and a
order to employ him elsewhere, as we find him most scandalous course of life, lived about A. D.
still closely attached to the party of Perdiccas, and 995. He wrote four works, the titles of which,
after the death of the regent united with Alcetas, as translated from the Arabic, are, 1. Declarator;
Attalus, and their partizans, in the contest against 2. Rara Commentatorum, et tDepravationes HereAntigonus. He was taken prisoner, together with ticorum; 3. Detectio Arcanoruzn; 4. Autobiog/raAttalus, Docimus, and Polemon, in B. c. 320, and phia. The whole of these works is lost, and it
shared with them their imprisonment, as well as does not appear whether the author wrote in
the daring enterprise by which they for a time Arabic or in Greek. A sermon, De Mandatis Dorecovered their liberty [ATTALUS, No. 2]. He mini nostri Jesu ChZristi, ed. Greek and Latin bv
again fell into the power of Antigonus, in B. c. P. Possinus in his Ascetica, is ascribed to one
316. (Diod. xviii. 45, xix. 16; Just. xiii. 6; S. Pilotheus, perhaps the aforesaid. (Cave, Jlist.
Droysen, I. c. pp. 115, 268.) Lit. ad an. 995.)
6. A Macedonian officer in the service of An- 2. COCCINUS, patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE, a
tigonus, who was employed by him in B. c. 319, man of great and deserved renown. He was proto endeavour by bribes and promises to corrupt bably born in the beginning of the 14th century,
the Argyraspids in the service of Eumenes, and and early took the monastic habit. After living
especially their leaders Antigenes and Teutamus. for a considerable time as a monk in, and afterBut his efforts were unavailing: Teutamus was wards superior of, the convent of St. Laura on
tempted for a moment, but was recalled to the Mount Sinai, he was appointed archbishop of
path of duty by his firmer-minded colleague, and Heracleia (before 1354). In 1355 he was emthe Argyraspids continued faithful. (Diod. xviii. ployed by the emperor John Cantacuzenus, in
62, 63.) bringing about a reconciliation between Michael,
7. An officer in the service of Antiochus the the son, and John Palaeologus, the son-in-law of
Great, who commanded the garrison of Abydos in the emperor; and in the same year he was chosen
the war against the Romans. He was besieged by patriarch of Constantinople, in the place of Calthe Roman fleet under C. Livius (B. C. 190), and listus, who, however, recovered his see after John
was desirous to capitulate; but before the terms Palaeologus had taken possession of Constantinople.
could be agreed upon, the news of the defeat of the Callistus, however, died soon afterwards, and now
Rhodian fleet under Pamphilidas caused Livius to Philotheus was once more placed on the patriwithdraw in all haste in order to oppose Polyxen- archal chair, which post he occupied with great
idas. (Liv. xxxvii. 12.) [E. H. B.] dignity till 137] according to Cave, or 1376 acPHILO'TAS (4tAworas), a dithyrambic poet cording to the C]zronologica reformata of J. B. Ricand musician, the disciple of Philoxenus, is only cioli quoted by Fabricius. We give below the titles
worthy of notice as having once gained a victory of the most important of the numerous works of
over his great contemporary Timotheus. (Bode, Philotheus, very few of which have been published.
Gesch. d. Hellen. Diclhtkunst, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 1. Lituergia et Ordo instituendi Diaconum, printed
324.) [P. S.] in Latin in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pat. AIcax. 2.
PHILO'TAS (cNsosrTas), a physician of Am- Libri XV. Antirrihetici, a defence of his friend the
phissa in Locris, who was born about the middle celebrated Palama, extant in different libraries.
of the first century B. c. He studied at Alexan- 3. Sernzo Encomiasticus in tres Hierarchas, Basidria, and was in that city at the same time with lium, Grecorium Thleologumn, et Joanmnem Chrgysosthe triumvir Antony, of whose profusion and ex- tonsun, Latin, in. the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pat. M1ax.,
travagance he was an eye-witness. He became Gr. and Lat., by Jac. Pontanus, together with
acquainted with the triumvir's son Antyllus, with Philippi Solitarii Dioptra, Ingolstadt, 1604, 8vo.;
whom he sometimes supped, about B. c. 30. On one by Fronto Ducaeus, in the 2d vol. of Auctuar. Patr.
occasion, when a certain physician had been annoy- Paris, 1624. 3. Oratio de Cruce, Gr. and Lat.
ing the company by his logical sophisms and for- apud Gretser. De Cruce, Ingolstadt, 1616, fol.,
ward behaviour, Philotas silenced him at last with vol. ii.; there is another Oratio cde Cruce, in the
the following syllogism: -" Cold water is to be same volume, which is attributed by some to our
given in a certain fever; but every one who has a Philotheus. 4. Oratio in terliare Jejuniorumn Dofever has a certain fever; therefore cold water is nzinicazm, Gr. and Lat. ibid. 5. Refutatio Anat/leto be given in all fevers;" which so pleased An- matismorumz ab Harmenopulo scriptorum, Gr. and
tyllus, who was at table, that he pointed to a Lat. apud Leunclav. Jus. Gr. Rom. lib. iv. 6.
sideboard covered with large goblets, and said, " I Confutatio Capitum XIV. Acindymi et Barasanzi,
give you all these, Philotas." As Antyllus was extant in MS. 7. Homilia. 8. Compendium de
quite a lad at that time, Philotas scrupled to Oeconomia Ce Uristi, &c. &c. Wharton in Cave and
accept such a gift, but was encouraged to do so by Fabricius give a catalogue of the numerous works
one of the attendants, who asked him if he did of Philotheus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.xi. p. 513,
not know that the giver was a son of the triumvir &c.; Cave, Hist. Lit. ad an. 1362.)
Antonius, and that he had full power to make 3. MONACHUS or SANCTUS, an unknown monk,
such presents. (Plut. Anton. 28.) wrote De Alandatis Domini nostri Jesu CGhristi, ed.
He may perhaps be the same physician, of Gr. and Lat. in P. Possinus, Ascetica, Paris, 1684.
whose medical formulae one is quoted by Celsus Although this work bears the same title as the
(De Med. v. 19. p. 89) and Asclepiades Phar- one quoted above under the head Philotheus Cocmacion (ap. Gal. De Conmpos. Medicane. sece. Gen. iv. cinus, the works as well as the authors are dif13, vol. xiii. p. 745), and who must have lived in ferent persons. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 519;
or before the first century B. c. (See also Gal. I. c. Cave, list. Lit. Dissert. 1. p. 17. ed. Oxon.)
p. 542; and De Conmpos. Medicam. see. Loc. iv. 8, 4. Archbishop of SELx'M BRIA, of unknown age.
v. 3, vol. xii. pp. 752, 838.) [W. A. G.] wrote Oratio in T..Ayothonicuml, which is still
PHILO'THEUS (+,bmo0o0's), 1. Patriarch of extant in MS. [W. P.]