A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

328 PHILOSTRATUS. PHILOTAS.
nius pointed out the impossibility of a mall who who had previously been at variance. (Pitt. rct.
was twenty-four years old in the reign of Caracalla, AIin. 57.) He afterwards attached himself to the
being placed near the time of an emperor dead party of Antony and Cleopatra, and his morals
upwards of 110 years before. He conjectures (and were not improved by the connection. (Epigram.
his idea has since then been universally acquiesced apud Philostrat. V. S. i. 5.) Hence the indignation
in) that it was Elagabalus, slain A. D. 222, whom of Augustus, when he entered Alexandria B. c. 30,
Aelian had attacked ( 1F. H. praefat. p. 50). At at finding a professed follower of the Academic
the close of his work, Philostratus the biographer school so degraded. He granted hinm his life,
praises his powers in forensic, popular, and extem- however, that no odium might attach to the philoporaneous eloquence, in rhetorical exercises, and for sopher Areius, whom Philostrsttus, with long white
his writings, and naming him with Nicagoras and beard and funereal garb, followed, importuning for
Apsines, he says, ovic Cz SeZ YparPEtvY, Kal dp av mercy. (Plut. Ant. 80.) His familiarity with
Kat arrlTOTr770eslv o's xapwo'Vyevos, breLS) piAta uoi princes, and his wealth, the restlt of a life of labour,
7rpas amiTos Jv. It has been held that this last are contrasted with the condition to which, alive
cause infers the death of the Lemnian, previously and dead, he was subjected by the Roman soldiers,
to the finishing of these memoirs. (Fabric. Bibl. in an epigram of Crinagoras. (An~thol. (Graec. ed.
Graec. vol. v. p. 555.) But this by no means Jacobs, vol. ii. p. 139, vol. viii. p. 415.) Philofollows. Among the parties mentioned is Nica- stratus ranks him among the sophistical philosogoras, of whom he expressly says, that he is phers, and speaks of him as devoting himself to
(eari) herald in the Eleusinian rites (Kayser has the panegyrical and varied styles of rhetoric. (Phil.
e-f'r7qs8, not on the best authority). Then Xaps- V.S. 1.c.) Vossius, who has read the lives of the
oauevos, in its plain meaning, would lead us to Phiiostrati very carelessly, places this contemporary
suppose that Philostratus was afraid of appearing of Augustus as contemporary with Philostratus
to flatter, not the dead, but the living. And as to the Lemnian, misled by the word osia, which he
Xv, that is accounted for by the indirect narration, translates vidi, instead of novi. Vidi is the transand as preceded by av a7rrn77Oest'7v. From this lation of Morellius. This strange error has escaped
then we can infer nothing as to the time of his the notice of Westermann. (De Hist. Graec. p.
death. But Suidas says he died and was buried 280.)
in Lemnos. 5. An historian mentioned by Josephus (Ant.
It is hardly possible that he can have been a x. 11. ~ 2) as having written accounts of India and
grandson of the biographer, as Kayser in his pre- Phoenicia; and again (c. Jpion. i. 20, p. 1343, ed.
face supposes, as the latter was writing vigorously Hudson) as having written in his history of the
in the reign of Philip (A. D. 244-249), when, siege of Tyre. It is probable that it was in conseaccording to the computation already given, the quence of being confounded with this writer that
Lemnian, born in 191, would have been between Philostratus the biographer was sometimes called
53 and 58 years old. We have already seen that the Tyrian. Even Vossius, through singular inthe biographer notices no relationship. Hence advertence, thinks that Josephus refers to the
the Prooemium to the EIKO'ves, printed along with writer of the life of Apollonius (de Hist. Graec.
the EbcKdvs of the elder writer, is highly suspicious. 1. c), at which passage Westermann, correcting
He mentions that the work of the same nature, the mistake, suggests that this writer is alluded
written by his namesake and grandfather TOViiu to by Cassianus Bassus. (Geopon. i. 14.)
dtxowv'tA icKal.i71Tpo7radopt, led him to undertake 6. An historian who flourished in the reign of
his. If so we must add another to the Philostrati, the emperor Aurelian. (Syncellus, Chronograph.
and suppose that the Lemnian married the bio- p. 384.) [W. M. G.]
grapher's daughter, and that this writer was the PHILO'STRATUS, C. FU'FIUS, an artist,
issue of the marriage. But the truth is, that al- whose name appears on a gem; but it cannot be
though this work is not destitute of merit, it has said with certainty whether the name is that of
very much the appearance of a clever imitation by the engraver or of the owner. (Spilsbury Gems,
a later sophist, who found Philostratus a convenient No. 31; Sillig, Catal. Artif. s. v.) [P. S.]
name. This is confirmed by the fact, that while PHILO'TAS (4ulAcras), a descendant of Penethe Eboeves of the elder writer furnish favourable lens of Thebes, is said to have led a colony to
materials for imitation, quotation, and reference Priene. (Paus. vii. 2. ~ 7; Strab. xiv. p. 633,
to subsequent poets, collectors, grammarians, and &c.) [L. S.]
critics, not a single quotation from this by any PHILO'TAS (lAhWtas). 1.A Macedonian, father
subsequent writer can be traced, and only three of Parmenion, the general of Alexander the Great
MSS. have yet been discovered. The writer, (Arr. Anab. iii. 11. ~ 16). It appears that he had
whoever he was, after rather a clumsy Prooemium, two other sons, ASANDER and AGATHON. (Id. ib.
discusses seventeen pictures, which are almost all i. 17. ~ 8; Diod. xix. 75.)
mythological, and in describing them he appeals 2. Son of Parmenion, was one of the most disto the poets more than his predecessor does. tinguished officers in the service of Alexander. He
From the first, this work has been uniformly appears to have already enjoyed a high place in
printed along with the Ebco'ves of the other Phi- the friendship and confidence of that monarch
lostratus. It formed a part of Blaise de Vigenere's before his accession to the throne (Plut. Alex. 10);
translation into French; with Callistratus, it forms and in the first military enterprises of the young
the eighth volume of Jacobs's translation, already king against the Thracians, Triballi, and Glaucias,
mentioned. king of Illyria, Philotas bears a conspicuous part
4. The AEGYPTIAN, was in Africa with Juba (Arr. Anab. i. 2, 5). In the organization of the
when Cato and Scipio took the command against army for the expedition to Asia, Philotas obtained
Julius Caesar, B. c. 47, on which occasion a rebuke the chief command of the whole body of the &raepot,
riven to Juba for the honours paid to Philostratus, or native Macedonian cavalry, a post of such imled to the reconciliation of the two noble Romans, portance as to rank probably second only to that