A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

300 PHILOCHORUS. PHILOCLES.
was said to have made, was really the work of 19. IIepl Evptnrf5ov, gave an account of the life
Pollio, as we can hardly imagine that the latter of Euripides, vindicated him fron the attacks
would have drawn up an abridgement, when one which had been made against him, and explained
was already in existence, compiled by the author the principles on which his tragedies were conhimself; but to this it has been replied that Pollio's structed. (Suidas, s. v. EUptr!L3,1s; Diog. Lagrt.
epitome was intended for the Romans, while the ii. 44, ix. 55; Gell. xv. 20.)
one made by Philochorus himself was, of course, 20. 2vvaoywy?, 7j1pwor, 7roi nvfacyopcewv yuvdesigned for the Greeks. vacLKaV, probably gave an account of the lives of
3. r1pios rsLv A41Wvnos'ATOisa or 7 7rp3 A1- the illustrious Pythagorean women, such as Theano,
wvyca dvrtypacp- (comp. Harpocrat. s. v.'HeTiwv[a). Melissa, &c.
It is stated by Vossius (ibid. p. 155), and repeated 21.'H 7rpios "AhXVToV 67rtroX'o, seems to have
by subsequent writers, that Philochorus wrote his related to some points connected with the worship
Atthis against Demon's; but this is hardly war- of the gods. ( Phot. Lex. s. v. TporrMXls.)
ranted by the words either of Suidas or Harpo- 22.'Ernrog.) Tris ALovuvaLou 7rpa'yu.aTE'as 7repl
cration. It would appear only that Philochorus hfprZy. It is uncertain who this Dionysius was.
wrote a separate treatise, under the title given 23. Z:aAauiYvos K-LOTLS.
above, to point out the errors of Demon. (Philoclhori Atheniensis Librorums Fragmenta a
4. rIpl' cZv'Atvfl 7 p1 aptrVTv droi cwKcpaTrf- Lenzio collecta, ed. Siebelis, Lips. 1811; FragSov Iy'Xp'A7roAAololpov. Socratides was archon menta HFlistoricorulm Graecorum, ed. Car. et Theod.
B. C. 374; there are two archons of the name of Miiller, Paris, 1841, pp. lxxxiv. &c. lxxxviii. &c.
Apollodorus, one B. c. 350, the other B. c. 319; of 384, &c.)
these the latter is probably the one intended, be- PHI'LOCTLES (liXoicXks), historical. 1. Au
cause, from the year B. C. 319 began the contem- Athenian, who, together with Adeimantus, was
porary portion of his history. This work appears joined with Conon in the command of the fleet on
to have been intended to remove difficulties in the the deposition of the generals who had conquered
way of the chronology of that period, and was thus at Arginusae (B. c. 406). Philocles was the author
preparatory to his history. of the proposal for the mutilation of all the prisoners
5.'O.Xvi.7rca'esr sBY Bmiols 3'. Philochorus, in who should be taken in the sea-fight which the
his Atthis, did not use the Olympiads as a reckon- Athenians contemplated; but it seems doubtful
ing of time; but, as he paid particular attention whether the decree in question was passed in an
to chronology, he drew up this work, probably in- assembly at Athens, or in one held at Aegospotami
fluenced by the example of Timaeus. before the battle; also whether it determined on
6. fIepl r's Trerpa7rAesas, that is, the towns of the amputation of the right thumb, according to
Oenoe, Marathon, Probalinthus, and Tricorythus. Plutarch, or the right hand, as Xenophon tells us.
(Athen. vi. p. 235, d.; Suid. s. v. TL'avi'a'yiv; The same spirit of cruelty was exhibited by PhiSchol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 1102.) locles on the capture of a Corinthian and Andrian
7.'ErrL'pduyara'ATrrKad, that is, a collection of trireme, the crews of which he ordered to be
Attic inscriptions, and no doubt chiefly such as thrown down a precipice. In retribution for these
served to elucidate the history of Attica. (Comp. deeds he was slain at Lampsacus by Lysander,
Bdckh, Corp. Ioscr. vol. i. p. viii.) into whose hands he had fallen at the battle of
8.'HsretpTrUCKa, omitted by Suidas in his list of Aegospotami in B. c. 405 (Xen. liell. i. 7. ~ 1,
the works of Philochorus, but mentioned by the ii. 1. ~~ 30-32; Diod. xiii. 104-106; Plunt.
lexicographer in another passage (s. v. BoXErTa; Lys. 9, 13; comp. Cic. de CQ: iii. 11; Ael. V. i.
comp. Strab. vii. p. 379). ii. 9; Thirlw'all's Greece, vol. iv. pp. 148, &c.)
9. A-itatcc, l3,,ALa 3S'. (Clem. Alex. Admon. 2. An officer and friend of Philip V. of Macedon.
ad Gent. pp. 18, d. 30, d. ed. Sylb.) In B. C. 200, when Philip was compelled by At10. rfepl r2 V'AO97'jV7qL adyvWc AaAta. (Conm p. talus I. and the Rhodians to winter in Caria,
Krause, Olympia, p. xi.) Philocles was with him, and formed a plan, which
11. rlepl eopTr;v, omitted by Suidas, but quoted did not, however, succeed, for gaining possession of
by Harpocration (s. vv.'AAcla, XVTpo,). the town of Mylasa. In the same year he was
12. rIepi 71Oepo', also omitted by Suidas. It sent by Philip into Attica to ravage the country,
gave an account of the sacred days, and explained and made an unsuccessful attempt on Eleusis, and
the reason of their sanctity. (Proclus, ad Hes. Op. also afterwards, in conjunction with Philip, on
770.) Athens and the Peiraeeus. In B.c. 198 he was
13. Iepl.9vuoZvy a', a book of a similar nature stationed at Chalcis in Euboea, and failed in an
to the preceding, giving an account of sacrifices. endeavour to succour Eretria, which the combined
14. rIepl Ca-,tLKrS 8'. In this work Philo- forces of the Romans, the Rhodians, and Attalus
chorus made a collection of the ancient oracles, and were besieging, and which was taken by them
explained the various modes of Divinatio (Clem. very shortly after the repulse of Philocles. In the
Alex. Strom. i. p. 334, d. Sylhb.; Athen. xiv. p. same year, however, he compelled L. Quintius
648, d.). The IEpl p vugo'wo,, mentioned by Flamininus and Attalus to raise the siege of CoSuidas as a separate work, was probably only part rinth, having brought up through Boeotia to the
of the IIEpl.gtanv'Se, since v'uJUCoAa are only a promontory of Juno Acraea, just opposite Sicyon,
species of divinatio. a reinforcement of 1500 men; and in consequence
15. [IepI KaOap.Ovl, probably contained a col- of this success he was invited to Argos by the
lection of the Kacap/io/, purifications or expiations, Macedonian party in the town, and made himself
which Musaeus and Orpheus are said to have in- master of it. In the war between Prusias and
vented. Eumenes IT. of Pergamus, Philip sided with the
16. IsEp1 Vu.0e-,lpfw v Tr7O'AOsrvmrrt. former, and sent Philocles to his court to negotiate
17. fIspl'AAKsUcVOs. with him, and also to Rome to'explain and defend
18. Inep. Trv opoiscous IAUfwOv /3gAia e'. I his conduct. In B. c. 184 Philocles and Apelles