A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHILIPPUS. PHILISCUS. 293
Zonas, Bianor, Antigonus, Diodorus, Evenus, and He is also mentioned by Galen, De Fb.ebs. Dif9r.
some others whose names he does not mention. ii. 6, vol. vii. p. 347, De Plenit. c. 4, vol. vii. p.
The earliest of these poets seems to be Philodemus, 530. It is uncertain whether the Philipplls of
the contemporary of Cicero, and the latest Auto- Macedonia, one of whose antidotes is quoted by
mnedon, who probably flourished under Nerva. Galen (De Antid. ii. 8, vol. xiv. p. 149), is the
Hence it is inferred that Philip flourished in the same person.
time of Trajan. Various allusions in his own A sophist of this name is said by Aetius (i. 4.
epigrams prove that he lived after the time of Au- 96, p. 186) to have promised immortality to those
gustus. (Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. xiii. pp. 934- persons who would engage to follow his directions,
936.) [P. S.] but it is not specified that he was a physician;
PHILIPPUS (4,[Xarrros), tile name of several neither is it known whether the father of the celephysicians. brated physician, Archigenes, whose name was
1. A native of Acarnania, the friend and phy- Philippus (Suid. s. v.'ApXtyEr'qs), was himself a
sician of Alexander the Great, of whom a well- member of the medical profession. [W. A. G.]
known story is told by several ancient authors. PII!ILISCUS ((QLAwKos), a citizen of Abydus,
l-e was the means of saving the king's life, when who inl B.C. 368 was sent into Greece by Ariobarhe had been seized with a severe attack of fever, zanes, the Persian satrap of the Hellespont, to
brought on by bathing in the cold waters of the effect a reconciliation between the Thebans and
river Cydnus in Cilicia, after being violently heated, Lacedaemonians. He came well supplied with
B. C. 333. Parmenion sent to warn Alexander that money, and in the name of Artaxerxes Ii.; but in
Philippus had been bribed by Dareius to poison a congress which he caused to be held at Delphi,
him; the king, however, would not believe the in- he failed to accomplish his object, as the Thebans
formation, nor doubt the fidelity of his physician, refused to abandon their claim to the sovereignty
but, while he drank off the draught prepared for of Boeotia, and Lacedaemon would not acknowvhim, he put into his hands the letter he had just ledge the independence of Messenia. Upon this
received, fixing his eyes at the same time steadily Philiscus, leaving behind him a body of 2000
on his countenance. A well-known modern picture mercenaries for the service of Sparta, and having
represents this incident; and the king's speedy been honoured, as well as Ariobarzanes, with the
recovery fully justified his confidence in the skill Athenian franchise, returned to Asia. Here, under
and honesty of his physician. (Q. Curt. iii. 6; cover of the satrap's protection, he made himself
Valer. Max. iii. 8, in fine; Plut. Vit. Alex. c. 19; master of a number of Greek states, over which
Arrian, ii. 4; Justin, xi. 8; Diod. Sic. xvii. 31.) he exercised a tyrannical and insolent sway, till
2. A native of Epeirus at the court of Alltigonus, he was at last assassinated at Lampsacus by Therking of Asia, B.c. 323-301. Celsus tells an sagoras and Execestus (Xen. Hell. vii. 1. ~ 27;
anecdote (De Alled. iii. 21, p. 56) that, when ano- Diod. xv. 70; Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 666, 667).
ther physician said that one of the king's friends, Diodorus places the mission of Philiscus to Greece
who was suffering from dropsy caused by his ilnl in B. C. 369, a year too soon. [E. E.]
temperate habits, was incurable, Pllilippus under- PIHILISCUS (4l,'rLKO Ss), literary. 1. An
took to restore him to health; upon which the other Athenian comic poet of the Middle Comedy, of
replied that he had not been thinking so much of whom little is known. Suidas simply mentions him
the nature of the disease, as of the character of the as a comnic poet, and gives the following titles of his
patient, when he denied the possibility of his re- plays:'Amovcs, Atrds yovacf,~OiVut-o7-omAh,'OAUy/7ros,
covery. The restlt justified his prognosis. Iavd's'ovaai,'Ep,uo Kal'Appo1TI-77s'yoeai,'ApTE'3. A contemporary of Juvenal at Rome, about tmUos oKal'A XAAcwvos. These mythological titles
the beginning of the second century after Christ. sufficiently prove that Philiscus belonged to the
(Sat. xiii. 125.) Middle Comedy. The nativities of the gods, to
4. A contemporary of Galen, about the middle which most of them relate, formed a very favourite
of the second century after Christ, who belonged class of subjects with the poets of the Middle Coto the sect of the Empirici, and held a disputation medy. (Meineke, Hist. Crit. Con?. Graec. pp. 278,
for two days with Pelops (probably at Smyrna), in &c.) Eudocia omits the title'EpyoO Kal'AipoirL'T71
defence of their doctrines (Galen. De Libris Propr.?yoval, and Lobeck has pointed out the difficulty of
c. 2, vol. xix. p. 16). It does not seem possible to seeing how the nativities of Hermes and Aphrodecide with certainty whether this is the same dite could be connected in one drama (.gAyloph.
person who is frequently mentioned in different p. 437); a difficulty which Meineke meets by
parts of Galen's writings; who wrote on maras- supposing that we ought to read'Epyov yoeal,
mus (De Direr. Febr. i. 10, vol. vii. p. 315, De'AdppoaivTrs yovaf, as two distinct titles (Hist. Crit.
Alasrc. cc. 5, 6, 7, 9, vol. vii. pp. 685, 689, 694, pp. 281, 282). The Themistocles is, almost with701, De CaGus. Pul. iv. 10, vol. ix. p. 176, De Meth. out doubt, wrongly ascribed by Suidas to the comic
LiMfed. vii. 6, x. 10, vol. x. pp. 495, 706), on ma- poet Philiscus, instead of the tragic poet of the
teria medica (De Coipos. Medicazm. sec. Loc. vii. same name. Another play is cited by Stobaeus
i, vol. xiii. p. 14, De Conzpos. Aledicamt. sec. Genz. (Serma. lxxiii. 53), namely the,biAdp-yvpoi, or, as
ii. 5, iii. 9, vol. xiii. pp. 502, 642), and on cata- Meineke thinks it ought to be, 4Aa'ppyvpos.
lepsy (Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. ii. 10, p. 96; Philiscus must have flourished about B. c. 400,
conf. Gal. Comment. itn Hippocr. "Prorrhet. I." ii. or a little later, as his portrait was painted by
90, vol. xvi. p. 684). Several of his medical for- Parrhasius, in a picture which Pliny thus describes
mulae are preserved, from one of which it appears (H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 36. ~ 5):-" et Philiscm7s2, et
that he practised at Caesareia (Galen, de Conmpos. Liberaum patotez adstante Virtute," from which it
AMedicuat. sec. Loc. iv. 8, vii. 4, 5, ix. 5, vol. xii. seems that the picture was a group, representing
p. 735, vol. xiii. pp. 88, 105, 304; Paul. Aegin. the poet supported by the patron deity of his art,
vii. 12, p. 663; ARt. iii. 1. 48, p. 503; Nicol. and by a personified representation of Arete, to
Myr. De Compos. Medicam. xli. 14, 21, p. 785). intimate the excellence he had attained in it.
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