A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

290 PHILIPPUS. PHILIPPUS.
in Locris, were used by the astronomers Hippar- Athenaeus, in whicl apparently there is an enachus, Geminus the Rhodian, and Ptolemy. He meration of Parodists who had lived long before
is said by Stephanus of Byzantium (De Urbibus Matron, two or more writers of the name of Philip
s. i. AVednse) to have written a treatise on the are mentioned, with the laudatory epithet " emiwinds. Ile is mentioned by several ancient nent" (87oi re Nl nr7rot, " nobiles Philippi ");
writers, as Vitruvius (.4rchitect. ix. 7, s. ut alii 4), but of their country, works, or age, except that
Pliny the elder (/-1. N. xviii. 31. s. 74), Plutarch they lived long before (sr&apo, "olim") Matron
(Quod non possit saceviter vivi sectnd. Epiczr. himself, who cannot be placed later than the time
Opera, vol. x. p. 500, ed. Reiske), who states that of Philip king of Macedon, nothing is known.
he demonstrated the figure of the moon; Proclus 22. PRESBYTER. Gennadius(De Virislllustrib.
(rI I. Euclid. Element. Lib. Commnnentar.), and c. 62) states that Philip the Presbyter was a disAlexander Aphrodisiensis. In the Latin version of ciple of Jerome, and that he died in the reign of
P'roclus, by Franc. Barocius (lib. ii. c. 4), Philip Marcian and Avitus over the Eastern and Western
is called Mendaeus, which is doubtless an error Empires respectively, i. e. A. D. 456. [AVITUS;
either of the printer or translator, or perhaps of MARCIANUS.] He wrote, 1. Commentarius in
the MS. which he used. Mende was in Mace- Jobumn; 2. Familicares Epistokle, of which Gendonia, in the peninsula of Pallene. Fabricins also nadius, who had read them, speaks highly. These
states that " Philippus Mendaeus extracted and Epistolae have perished; but a Cominientarius on
explained all the mathematical passages which he Jobiu, addressed to Nectarius has been several
had noticed in the works of his instructor Plato;" times printed, sometimes separately under the
but he does not give his authority for the state- name of Philip (two editions, fol. and 4to. Basel,
ment. Mendaeus is here, too, an evident error for 1527), and sometimes under the nanne and among
Medmaeus. (Fabric. Bibl. G'raec. vol. iv. p. 10, the works of Venerable Bede and of Jerome. Valvol. vi. p. 243.) larsitls and the Benedictine editors of Jerome give
17. MEGARICUS (O MeyapLK'os), i. e. tile ME- the Commezetariuzs in their editions of that father
GARIC PHILOSOPHER [comp. EUCLEIDES of ME- (vol. v. p. 678, &c. ed. Benedict., vol. xi. col. 565,
GARA]. Diogenes Lahrtius (ii. 113) has given an &c. ed. Vallars.), but not as his. The Prologus or
extract from a work of this Philip, containing some Praefatio ad Lectacriam are omitted, and the text
account of Stilpo of Megara [SrILPo], who lived differs very widely from that given in the Cologne
during the struggles of the successors of Alexander edition of Bede (vol. iv. p. 447, &c.) fol. 1612, in
the Great. which the work is given as Bede's, without any
18. MENnAEUS. [No. 16.] intimation of its doubtful authorship. Cave, Oudin,
19. Of Orvs. Suidas (s. v. iA9lo'-oros) has and Vallarsi agree ill ascribing the work to
this remarkable passage: " —, a philosopher Philip, though Vallarsi is not so decided in his
who divided the Leges (s. De Legibus) of Plato opinion as the other two. (Gennad. I.c.; Cave,
into twelve books (for he is said to have added the Hist. Litt. ad ann. 440, vol. i. p. 434; Oudin,
thirteenth himself), and was a hearer of Socrates De Scriptorib. Eccles. vol. i. col. 1165; Vallarsi,
and of Plato himself; devoting himself to the con- Opera lIieron. vol. iii. col. 825, &c., vol. xi. col.
temptation of the heavens (o-XoAdoag oTs peAresC- 565, 566; Fabric. Biblioth. 1ied. et Infim. Latin.
pois). He lived in the days of Philip of Macedon." vol. v. p. 295, ed. iMansi.)
Suidas then gives a long list of works written by 23. Of PRUSA (6 Hpovieevs), a stoic philosoPhilip. It is evident that the passage as it stands pher, contemporary with Plutarch, who has introin Suidas is imperfect, and that the name of the duced him as one of the speakers in his Sy1puos.
author of the numerous works which he mentions (vii. quaest. 7.)
has been lost from the commencement of the 24. RHETOR. [No. 13.]
passage. It appears, however, from the extract 25. SCRIPTOR DE AGRICULTURA. Athenaeus
occupying its proper place in the Lexicon accord- (iii.) mentions a Philippus, without any distinctive
ing to its present heading, that the defect existed epithet, as the author of a work on Agriculture,
in the source from which Suidas borrowed. Kuster, either entitled rPcepynKcdv, Georgicum, or similar to
the editor of Suidas (not. in loc.), after long inves- the work of Androtion, another writer on agricultigation, was enabled to supply the omission by ture [ANDROTION], which bore that title. Nothing
comparing a passage in Diogenes Laertius (iii. more is known of this Philip.
37), and to identify " the philosopher" of Suidas 26. Of SIDE (o Z8blr77, or o bsT-?7s, or od lro
with Philip of the Locrian town of Opus, near the i~L'3s), a Christian writer of the first half of the
channel which separates Euboea from the main fifth century. His birth must be placed in the
land. The passage in LaErtius is as follows: latter part of the fourth century, but its exact date
" Some say that Philip the Opuntian transcribed is not known. He was a native of Side in Pamhis (Plato's) work, De Leyibus, which was written phyvlia, and according to his own account in the
in wax (i. e. on wooden tablets covered with a fragment published by Dodwell (see below), when
coat of wax). They say also that the'Ervoulss, Rhodon, who succeeded Didymlis in the charge of
Epinomis (the thirteenth book of the De Leqibuts), the Catechetical school of Alexandria, transferred
is his," i. e. Philip's. The E)pi2omis, whether that school to Side, Philip became one of his
written by Philip or by Plato, is usually included pupils., If we suppose Didymus to have retained
among the works of the latter. [PLATO.] Dio- the charge of the school till his death, A.D. 396
genes Lairtius elsewhere (iii. 46) enumerates [DIDYnAus, No. 4], at the advanced age of 86,
Philip among the disciples of Plato. (Fabric. the removal of the school cannot have taken place
Bibl. Gratec. vol. iii. p. 104.) long before the close of the century, and we may
20. ORI APOLLINIS INTERPRES (Voss. De infer that Philip's birth could scarcely have been
Ilistoricis Graecis, lib. iii.). [HORAPOLLO.] earlier than A.D. 380. He was a kinsman of
21. PA.aoDus, the PARIODIST. In a fragment Troilus of Side, the rhetorician, who was tutor to
of the Parodist, Matron [MATRON], quoted by Socrates the ecclesiastical historian, and was in