A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

284: PHILIPPUS. PHIILIPPUS.
goras, and thus, on the whole, the result of the that Glabrio carried on the siege of Heracleia,
campaign had been certainly not unfavourable to but the latter city having fallen first, the king
Philip. (Liv. xxxi. 27-43.) was ordered to desist from the siege of Lamia,
It was apparently late in the season before the which thereupon surrendered to the Romans. Phinew consul, P. Villius Tappulus, arrived in Epeirus lip was indignant at being thus balked of his prize,
to succeed Sulpicius, and a mutiny that broke out but he nevertheless obtained permission from the
in his own army prevented him from undertaking consul, while the latter was occupied ill the siege
any hostile operations. Philip meanwhile had of Naupactus, to turn his arms against some of the
followed up his victory over the Aetolians by cities which had taken part with the Aetolians;
laying siege to Thaumaci, in Thessaly, but the and not only made himself master of Demetrias, and
courageous defence of the garrison protracted this other places in Thessaly, but overran the whole of
siege until so late a period of the year, that Philip PerrhaeLia, Aperantia, and Dolopia. (Id. xxxvi. 25,
was compelled to abandon the enterprise, and 33, 34, xxxix. 23.) The Romans, at this period,
return to Macedonia for the winter. (Id. xxxii. evinced their satisfaction with the conduct of Phi3, 4.) After spending this period of repose in the lip by restoring to him his son Demetrius and the
most active preparations for renewing the contest, other hostages, and remitting all the arrears of
he took the field again with the first approach of tribute, which remained yet unpaid (Pol. xx. 13,
spring, B.c. 198, and established his camp in a xxi. 9; Liv. xxxvi. 35): the king, in return, renstrong position near the pass of Antigoneia, where dered them still more important services, by proit completely commanded the direct route into vidil:gr every thing necessary for the march of their
Macedonia. Villius advanced to a position near army through Macedonia and Thrace, when adtihat of the king, but was wholly unable to force vancing to the attack of Antiochus in Asia; and
the pass; and while he was still deliberating what securing its passage, without obstruction, as far as
to do, his successor Flamininus arrived, and took the Ilellespont. (Liv. xxxvii. 7; Appian. lIac.
the command of the army. (Id. ib. 5, 6, 9.) The Exc. 7. ~ 3.) But the seeds of fresh disputes were
events of the war from this period till its ter- already sown, and Polybius has justly remarked
mination have been already fully given under that the real causes of the second war of the RoFLAMININUS. mans with Macedonia arose before the death of
By the peace finally granted to Philip (B. C. Philip, though it did not break out till a later
196), the king was compelled to abandon all his period. So long as the Romans were engaged in
conquests, both in Europe and Asia, withdraw his the contest with Antiochus, and stood in need of
garrisons from all Greek cities, surrender his whole the support of the Macedonian king, he had been
fleet to the Romans, and limit his standing army allowed to retain possession of the conquests he
to 5000 men, besides paying a sum of 1000 had made during that war; ild though Athamania
talents. Among the hostages given for the fulfil- had been again wrested from him by Amynander
ment of these hard conditions, was his son Deme- and the Aetolians, he still held many towns in
trius. (Polyb. xviii. 27; Liv. xxxiii. 30.) What- Perrhaebia and Thessaly, which he had captured
ever resentment and enmity he might still entertain from the Aetolians, with the express permission
against his conquerors, Philip was now effectually of Acilius Glabrio. But after the fall of Antiochus,
humbled, and it is certain that his conduct towards deputies from those states appeared at Rome (B. c.
home at this time is characterised by every ap- 185), to demand the restitution of the cities in
pearance of good faith and of a sincere desire to question, and at the same time Eumenes warned
cultivate the friendship of the all-powerful republic. the senate of the increasing power of Philip, who
At the suggestion of the Roman deputy, Cn. Cor- was diligently employed in strengthening his internal
nelius, he sent an embassy to Rome, to request resources, while lie was secretly enlarging his fronthat the treaty of peace might be converted into tiers on the side of Thrace, and had made himself
one of alliance (Polyb. xviii. 31); and in the masteroftheimportant cities of Aenus andMaroneia.
following year (195), he sent a strong body of This was enough to arouse the jealousy of the
auxiliaries to the assistance of Flamininus against senate. After the usual form of sending deputies
Nabis. (Liv. xxxiv. 26.) At a subsequent period to inquire into the matters on the spot, it was
he resisted all the efforts of the Aetolian envoy, decreed that Philip should surrender all his conNicander, to induce him once more to take up quests in Perrhaebia and Thessaly, withdraw his
arms in concert with Antiochus, as well as the garrisons from the cities of Thrace, and confine
tempting offers of that monarch himself, who himself within the ancient limits of Macedonia.
spared no promises in order to gain him over to (Liv. xxxix. 23-29, 33; Polyb. xxiii. 4, 6, 1 1,
his alliance. (Id. xxxv. 12, xxxix. 28.) At the 13, 14.)
commencement of B. c. 191, he sent ambassadors The indignation of the king was vehemently
to Rome, with offers of support and assistance excited by these commands, but he was not yet
against Antiochus, who was then already in Greece. prepared to resist the power of Rome, and accordThe Syrian king had the imprudence at this time ingly complied, but, before he withdrew his troops
to give personal offence to Philip, who immediately from Maroneia, made a barbarous massacre of
engaged in measures of more active hostility, lent many of the unhappy citizens. At the same time
all the assistance in his power to the Roman praetor, he sent his younger son, Demetrius, to Rome, to
Baebius, and co-operated with the Romans in the answer the complaints which were now pouring in
siege of Limnaea, while he took the opportunity to from all sides against himn: and the young prince
expel Amynander from Athamania, and make him- was received with so much favour by the senate,
self master of that province. (Id. xxxvi. 4,8,13,14.) that they agreed to pardon all the past grounds of
Though he took no part in the decisive battle at offence against Philip, out of consideration for his
Thermopylae, he joined the consul Acilius Glabrio son, B. c. 183. (Polyb. xxiii. 13, 14, xxiv. 1-3 -
shortly after, and it was arranged between them Liv. xxxix. 34, 35, 46, 47.) Unhappily the parthat Philip should besiege Lainia at the same time tiality thus displayed by the Romans towards De.