A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHILIPPUS. PHILIPPUS. 279
great," and which he seems to have practised quite
as much from choice as from policy, we may well
admit that he does not appear to disadvantage, even
morally speaking, by the side of his fellow-conquerors of mankind. (Demosth. Olyth., Phil., de
Fals. Leg., de Cor., de Chers., de Pac.; Aesch. de
Fals. Leg., c. Ctes.; Isocr. Phil., Ep. ad Phil.;
Diod. xvi.; Just. vii.-ix.; Plut. Demosth., Phoc.,
Alle.r., Reg. et lisp. Apoph.; Ath. xi. p. 476, xiii. COIN OF PHILIPPUS IV. KING OF MIACEDONIA.
p. 557, xiv. p. 614; Strab. vii. pp. 307, 320, 323,
viii. pp. 361, 374, ix. p. 437; Ael. V. IH. iv. 19, PHILIPPUS V. ($iAlnreros), king of MACEvi. 1, viii. 12, 15, xii. 53, 54, xiii. 7, 11; Gell. ix. DONIA, son of Demetrius II., was one of the ablest
3; Cic. de Off. ii. 14, 15, Tusc. Quaest. v. 14, ad and most eminent of the Macedonian monarchs.
Alt. i. 16; Polyb. ii. 48, iii. 6, v. 10, viii. 11-13, It appears that he was born in the year B. C. 237,
ix. 28, &c. xvii. 14; Leland, Life of Philip; and he was thus only eight years old at the death of
Winiewski, Comm. IIist. et COhsonol. in Dem. Orat. his father Demetrius. The sovereign power was conde Cor.; Drumann, Gesch. des Verfaclls der Griech- sequently assumed by his uncle Antigonus Doson,
ischen Staaten; Wachsmuth, Iiist. Ant. vol. ii. Eng. who, though he certainly ruled as king rather than
transl.; Weiske, de Iyperb. Errorum in Hist. merely as guardian of his nephew, was faithful to
Phil. Genitrice; Thirlwvall's History of Greece, the interests of Philip, whom he regarded as his
vol. v. vi.) [E. E.] natural successor, and to whom he transferred the
sovereignty at his death, in B. C. 220, to the exclusion of his own children. (Polyb. ii. 45, 70,' ~ef 5,.E<-Er4NA //> R\ iv. 2; Pans. viii. 8. ~ 9; Justin. xxviii. 4; Porphyr.
_____ g g<R \ //1ap. Euseb. Arm. p. 158.) I-Ie was careful however to
tt1 I f,,,S< b 11 f %W Am appoint friends of his own to all the more important
K~~~ ] e voffices of the state; one of whom, Apelles, bore the
title of guardian of the young king (Polyb. iv. 87),
though the latter seems to have in fact assumed the
administration of affairs into his own hands from
COIN OF PHILIPPUS II., KIING OF MIACEDIONIA. the very beginning of his reign. The prudent and
vigorous administration of Antigonus had greatly
I.PPUS II. (he ofPhiipros), king of MAet dBythCE- strengthened the Macedonian empire; but the youth
DoNIA. The name of Philip was hestowed hy the of Philip, who was only seventeen years old at the
MIacedonian army upon Arrtfidaeus, the bastard
acedonian army upon Arrhidaeus, the bastard'time of his accession (Polyb. iv. 5; Justin makes
son of Philip II., when he was raised to the throne
after the death of Alexander III., and is the only fourteen), was regarded with contempt by
after the death of lexander III and is the only his enemies, and the Aetolians seized the opporappellation which appears upon his coins. He
returned to Mapp ellation which appears upon his wifcoins. He tunitv to commit acts of aggression and hostility in
returned to Macedonia, where he and his wife the Peloponnese. Artus and the Achaeans imineEurydice were put to death by order of Olympias,
Eurdice were pt to death by order of Olympias, diately applied to the young king for assistance;
B. C. 317. For his life and reign, see ARRHI- but Philip, though not unmindful of his allies, was
DAEUS. E. H.B.]
at first unwilling to engage in open war with the
Aetolians on account of what he regarded as mere
plundering expeditions. Soon, however, the defeat
of the Achaeans at Caphyae, and the daring out/'Y -~~ Y~' 0/~X1\})Kab0 rage of the Aetolians in seizing and burning Cy<___4_ (< f~)(i~ snaetha, aroused him to the necessity of immediate
action, and he proceeded in person to Corinth at the
head of a considerable force. He arrived too late
v ~,. ~ to act against the Aetolians, who had already
quitted the Peloponnese, but by advancing to
Tegea he succeeded in overawing the LacedaemoCOIN OF PIIILIPPUS III. KING OF MACEDONIA. nians, who were secretly disposed to favour the
Aetolians, and for a time prevented them from
PHILIPPUS IV. (ihALr7nros), king of MACE- quitting the cause of their allies. He next preDONIA, was the eldest son of Cassander, whom he sided at a general assembly of the Achaeans and
succeeded on the throne, B. C. 297, or, according to other allied states at Corinth, at which war was
Clinton, early in 296. The exact period of his declared against the Aetolians by the common
reign is uncertain, but it appears to have lasted consent of all present, including besides Philip
only a few months, when he was carried off by a himself and the Achaeans, the Boeotians, Phocians,
consumptive disorder, B. C. 296. No events are Epeirots, Acarnanians, and Messenians. Few of
recorded to us of this short interval; but it appears these, however, were either disposed or ready to
that he maintained the friendly relations with take an active part in immediate hostilities, while
Athens which had been established by his father, the Lacedaemonians and Eleans openly espoused
and he was probably advancing into Greece to the cause of the Aetolians. It was evident theresupport his partisans in that country, when his fore that the chief burden of the war would dedeath took place at Elateia in Phocis. (Paus. ix. volve upon Philip and the Achaeans, and the young
7. ~ 3; Justin. xv. 4, xvi. l; Porphyr. ap. Euseb. king returned to Macedonia to prepare for the conArm. p. 155; Dexipp. ap Syncell. p. 504, ed. test. (Polyb. iv. 5, 9,16,19,22-29, 31 —36; Plut.
Bonn; Droysen, Hellenismn. vol. i. pp. 565, 566; Arat. 47). His first care was to fortify his own
Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. pp. 180, 236.) [E. H. B.] frontiers against the neighbouring barbarians, and
r 4