A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHILIPPITS. PHILIPPUS. 273
true faith, and that a multitude of ancient writers PHILIPPUS I. (44iAraros), king of MACEunite in declaring that Constantine was the first DONIA, son of Argaeus, was the sixth king, if we
Christian sovereign of Rome. The student will follow the lists of Dexippus and Eusebius, but the
find all the arguments stated with great candour third, according to Herodotus and Thucydides, who,
and all the authorities arranged with great precision not reckoning CARANUS and his two immediate sucin Tillemont, and we have nothing to add, except cessors (Coenus and Thurimas or Turimmas), look
that the inquiry is a mere matter of curiosity, for it upon Perdiccas I. as the founder of the monarchy.
is agreed on all hands that this conversion, if real, Eusebius assigns to Philip I. a reign of 38 years,
exercised no influence on the condition of the Dexippus one of 35. Neither statement appears to
Church, which certainly could have had little reason rest on any positive testimony; and Justin tells us
to be proud of such a bloodstained and compro- that his death was an untimely one. He left a son,
mising proselyte. (Aur. Vict. de Caes. xxviii. named Airopus, who succeeded him. (HIerod. viii.
Epit. xxviii.; Eutrop. ix. 3; Zosim. i. 23, iii. 32; 137-139; Thuc. ii. 100; Just. vii. 2; Clint.
Zonar. xii. 19; Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 323; Euseb. F. H. vol. ii. p. 221.) [E. E.]
I. E. vi. 34, 39, 41, vii. 10; Hieron. de Viris Ill. PHILIPPUS II. (4,xtar7ros), the 18th king
c. 54; Chrysost. in Gent. vol. i. p. 658; Tillemont, of MACEDONIA, if we count from Caranus, was
Notes sur l'Empereur Philippe, in his Histoire des the youngest son of Amyntas II. and Eurydice,
Espereurs, vol. iii. p. 494.) [W. R.] and was born in B. c. 382. According to one account, which Suidas mentions (s. v. Kapavos), but
for which there is no foundation, he and his two
s,~a_ -/O~?W %S<A elder brothers, Alexander II. and Perdiccas III.,
\ were supposititious children, imposed by Eurydice
S OWRWItN on Amyntas. The fact of Philip's early residence
/o(g:, -I)'~:~~i'' |-2(~~_~~i\ at Thebes is too well supported to admit of doubt,
though the circumstances which led to his being'~%~ @ 2Gy?lt~ o _ __ placed there are differently related. In Diodorus'> ~'/% ~' "~~ ]~ (xvi. 2), we read that Amyntas, being overcome
in war by the Illyrians, delivered Philip to them
as a hostage for the payment of some stipulated
COIN OF PHILIPPrrS I., ROMAN EMSP.ROR. tribute, and that by them he was sent to Thebes,
where he sojourned in the house of the father of
PHILIPPUS II., M. JU'LIUS, son of the Epaminondas, and was educated with the latter
foregoing, was a boy of seven at the accession in the Pythagorean discipline. The same author
(A. D. 244) of his father, by whom he was forth- however, tells us, in another passage (xv. 67),
with proclaimed Caesar, and three years afterwards that he was one of those whom Pelopidas brought
(247) chosen consul, being at the same time ad(- away with him as hostages for the continuance of
mitted to share the purple with the title of Augus- tranquillity in Macedonia when he had gone
tus. His second consulship (248) corresponds with thither to mediate between Alexander II. and
the celebration of the secular solemnities, and in Ptolemy of Alorus, in B. C. 368 and
the autumn of 249 he was slain, according to Zo- statement Plutarch agrees (ieloi. 26); while
simus, at the battle of Verona, or murdered, accord- stin says (vii. ), that Alexander, hilips roing to Victor, at Rome by the praetorians, when Justin says (vii. 5), that Alexander, Philip's broing to Victor, at Rome by the paetorians, when ther, gave him as a hostage, first to the Illyrians,
intelligence arrived of the defeat and death of the and again a second time to the hebas. Of these
emperor. Nothing has been recorded with regard accounts, the last-mentioned looks lile an atwkto this youth, who perished at the age of twelve, ward attempt to combine conflicting stories; while
except that he was of a singularly serious and stern none of them are easily reconcileae with the
none of them are easily reconcileable with the
temperament, so that from early childhood he couldstatement of Aeschines (de Pals. Leg. pp. 31, 32
never be induced to smile, and on perceiving his comp. Nep. Iph. 3), that, shortly after the death
father indulging in hearty merriment, called forth of Alexander II., Philip was in Macedonia, and,
by some buffoonery at the games, he turned away together with his elder brother Perdiccas, was
his head with a marked expression of disgust. presented by Eurydice to Iphirates, in order to
s n s ad tepresented by Eurydice to Iphicrates, in order to
His names and titles were the same with those s i
move his pity and obtain his protection against
of the elder Philip, with the addition of Severus, the pretender Pausanias. On the whole, the supfound upon some Pamphylian coins, and derived, position of Thirlwall is far from improbable (Greece,
it would seem, from his mother Otacilia Severa.. that when Pelopidas,
The appellation C. Julius Saturninus, assigned to vol. V. P. 163), VIZ'bat when Pelopidas, subseThe ppellaton C. Julius Saninus, assigned to quently to the visit of Iphicrates to Macedonia,
him by Victor, rests upon no other authority, and is V
him by Victor, rests upon no other authority, nd is marched a second time into the country, and comnot confirmed by medals or inscriptions. (Aur.
not. confirmed bym.edalso. r inscriptions. (A2r..pelled Ptolemy of Alorus to enter into an engageVict. de Caes. xxviii. Epit. xxviii.; Zosim. i. 22.) ment to keep the throne for the younger sons of
ment to keep the throne for the younger sons of
LV. R] *Amyntas, he carried Philip back with him to
C~.~eo ~:.~~ Thebes, as thinking him hardly safe with his
2 mother and her paramour. As for that part of
>o as pursuing his studies in company with Epami( < F A d b:81 oR @t;, S 2 5 3; nondas, it is sufficiently refuted by chronology (see
Wesseling, ad Diod. xvi. 2); nor would it seem
AnalCK o f S \J 3 ti7 tow? i~that his attention at Thebes was directed to speN.~4Q OQWv <&\D2'K'% @ - culative philosophy so much as to those more
practical points, the knowledge of which he afterwards found so useful for his purposes,-military
COIN OF' P5IILISFPPUS II., nOAMAN EMPEROR. tactics, the language and politics of Greece, and
VOL. III T