A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

268 PHILIDAS. PHILINUS.
artist's name, supposes that these statues, which PHILINNA or PHILI'NE (,ltAvva,,iAivrL),
are of Pentelic marble, belong to the Attic school the name of many Greek females, as, for instance,
of sculpture, in the age of Hadrian. (Zoega's Leben, of the female dancer of Larissa in Thessaly, who
vol. ii. p. 366; Welcker, Kunstblatt, 1827, pp. 330, was the mother of Arrhidaeus by Philip, the father
331; R. Rochette, Lettre a M. Schorn, pp. 380, of Alexander the Great. (Athen. xiii. p. 557, e;
381.) [P. S.] Phot. Bibl. p. 64. 23.) It was also the name of
PHILEUS, an eminent Ionian architect, whose the mother of the poet Theocritus (Ep. 3).
name is variously written in different passages of PHILI/NUS (4,Xhos). 1. A Greek of AgriVitruvius, which, however, almost undoubtedly gentum, accompanied Hannibal in his campaigns
refer to the same person. In one passage (vii. against Rome, and wrote a history of the Punic
Praef. ~ 12) we are told that Phileos published a wars, in which he exhibited, says Polybius, as
volume on the Ionic temple of Minerva at Priene; much partiality towards Carthage, as Fabius did
then, just below, that Phiteus wrote concerning the towards Rome. His hatred against Rome may
Mausoleum, which was built by him and Satyrus; have been excited, as Niebuhr has remarked
in another passage (i. 1. ~ 12), he quotes from the (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 573), by the unfortucommentaries of Pythius, whom he calls the archi- nate fate of his native town, which was stormed
tect of the temple of Minerva at Priene; and, in by the Romans in the first Punic war. How far
a fourth passage (iv. 3. ~ 1), he mentions Pytheus the history of Philinus came down is uncertain; he
as a writer on architecture. A comparison of these is usually called by most modern writers the hispassages, especially taking into consideration the torian of the first Punic war; but we have the exvarious readings, can leave no doubt that this press testimony of Cornelius Nepos (Annib. 13)
Phileos, Phiteus, Pythius, or Pytheus, was one and that he also gave an account of the campaigns of
the same person, although it is hardly possible to Hannibal; and we may therefore conclude that
determine the right form of the name: most of the his work contained the history of the second as
modern writers prefer the form Pytheus. From well as of the first Punic war. (Corn. Nep. 1. c.;
the passages taken together we learn that he was Polyb. i. 14, iii. 26; Diod. xxiii. 8, xxiv. 2, 3.)
the architect of two of the most magnificent build- To this Philinus Miller (Fragim. fIist. Graec. p.
ings erected in Asia Minor, at one of the best xlviii.) assigns a work Ilepl (PovrKrls, which Suidas
periods of the architecture of that country, the (s. v. QIAhLrKos iJ ibmAlTos) erroneously ascribes to
Mausoleum, which he built in conjunction with Philistus.
SATYRUS, and the temple of Athena Polias, at 2. An Attic orator, a contemporary of DemosPriene; and also that he was one of the chief thenes and Lycurgus. He is mentioned by Dewriters on his art. The date of the erection of the mosthenes in his oration against Meidias (p. 566),
MIausoleum was soon after 01. 106. 4, B. c. 353, who calls him the son of Nicostratus, and says
the year in which Mausolus died; that of the temple that he was trierarch with him. Harpocration
at Priene must have been about twenty years mentions three orations of Philinus. 1. rIpog
later, for we learn from an inscription that it was AirrXV'ou Kail:opoiKAouv Kal EmOprgtou EtKo'ras,
dedicated by Alexander (Ion. Antiq. vol. i. p. 12). which was against a proposition of Lycurgus that
This temple was, as its ruins still show, one of the statues should be erected to those poets (s. V. Seowmost beautiful examples of the Ionic order. It was poKd). 2. KaTd Acpopeou, which was ascribed
peripteral, and hexastyle, with propylaea, which likewise to Hyperides (s. v. earl cdJ3pp7s). 3. Kpohave on their inner side, instead of Ionic pillars, KWV8omiZV atmKaioTa rpos KOpcotpvlas, which was
pilasters, the capitals of which are decorated with ascribed by others to Lycurgus (s. v. KotpwvwlaL;
gryphons in relief. (Ion. Antiq. vol. i. c. 2; Choi- comp. Athen. x. p. 425, b; Bekker, Aneed.
seul-Gouffier, pl. 116; Mauch, die Griech. u. Rim. Graec. vol. i. p. 273. 5). An ancient grammarian,
Bauordnungen, pl. 40, 41; R. Rochette,:Lettre a quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. vi. p.
M. Schorn, pp. 381-383.) [P. S.] 748), says that Philinus borrowed from DemosPHILIADAS (,lmALdaas), of Megara, an epi- thenes. (Ruhnken, Historia Oratoruns Graecorum,
grammatic poet, who is only known by his epitaph p. 75, &c.; Westermann, Geschichte der Griechison the Thespians who fell at Thermopylae, which clven Beredtsaa,keit, ~ 54, n. 29.)
is preserved by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. O'r- PHILI'NUS (laXvos), a Greek physician, born
r~ea), by Eustathius (ad 11. ii. p. 201. 40), and in in the island of Cos, the reputed founder of the
the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. iii. p. sect of the Empirici (Cramer's A necd. Graeca Paris.
329; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 80, xiii, p. vol. i. p. 395), of whose characteristic doctrines a
934.) [P. S.] short account is given in the Diet. of Antiq. s. in.
PHILIADES (,tuXmras), a Messenian father Enmpirici. He wae a pupil of Herophilus, a conof Neon and Thrasylochus, the partizans of Philip temporary of Baccheius [BAccHEIus], and a preof Macedon [NEON]. It is probable that Philiades decessor of Serapion, and therefore probably lived
himself was attached to the same party, as he is in the third century e. c. (Pseudo-Galen, Introd.
mentioned by Demosthenes in terms of contempt c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 683). He wrote a work on part
and aversion. (Dem. de Cor. p. 324, de Foed. of the Hippocratic collection directed against Bacc. Alex. p. 212; Polyb. xvii. 14.) [E. H. B.] cheius (Erot. Lex. Hippocr. in v.'"A/ug/v), and
PHILIDAS (4Aitlmas), an Aetolian, who was also one on botany (Athen. xv. pp. 681, 682),
sent by Dorimachus, with a force of 600 men, to neither of which is now extant. It is perhaps
the assistance of the Eleans during the Social War, this latter work that is quoted by Athenaeus
B. c. 218. He advanced into Triphylia, but was (xv. 28. pp. 681, 682), Pliny (H. A. xx. 91,
unable to make head against Philip, who drove and Index to books xx. and xxi.), and Androhim in succession out of the fortresses of Lepreum machus (ap. Galen, De Compos. lledicanm. sec. Loc.
and Samicum, and ultimately compelled him to vii. 6, De Compos. 2ledicasm. sec. Gen. v. 13, vol.
evacuate the whole of Triphylia. (Polyb. iv. 77- xiii. pp. 113, 842). A parallel has been drawn
80.) [E. H. B.] between Philinus and the late Dr. Hahnemann in