A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHIILEMON. PHILETAERUS. 265
liquiae, praef. p. 46, Hist. Crit. Comn. Graec. p. I Aector. Graecor. TVesion. Arab. Swyriac. Pers. &c. p.
446.) 296); and there is at present an Arabic MS. on
3. A geographical writer, of whom we know this subject in the library at Leyden which bears
nothing, except that lie lived before Pliny, by whom the name of Philemlon, but which ought probably
he is several times quoted (H. N. iv. 13. s. 27, to be attributed to Polemo. [POLEMO.] (See Geexxxvii. 2. s. 11; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 485, tal. Bibliotlh. Lugdun. p. 461. ~ 1286; and also the
ed. Westermann). Index to the Catalogue, where the mistake is cor4. A grammarian, surnamed d KpiTIrOdS, the rected.) [W. A. G.]
author of a recension of Homer, which is quoted in PHILE'SIAS (eLXAnolas), a statuary of Eretria,
the scholia of the Codex Venetus (ad 11. ii. 258, whose age is unknown. He made two-bronze
xvi. 467), and of a commentary, entitled sEvjutLKTa oxen, which were dedicated at Olympia, the one
eSS <OpipoV, which is quoted by Porphyry (Quaest. by'his fellow-citizens, the other by the Corcyraeans.
Hom. 8). (Pans. v. 27. ~ 6.) [P. S.]1
5. Of Athens, a grammarian, author of a work PHILE'SIUS (I'LXsO'Los), a surname of Apollo
or works on the Attic dialect, cited under the at Didyma, where Branchus was said to have
various titles of'ArLKCal XetELS,'ArrK'al poNvai, founded a sanctuary of the god, and to have intro-'ATT'rLKa' 0ieaTa K y7Xc oamL, erepl'ATTLICK 3voyid- duced his worship. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8; comp.
rcow (Ath. iii. p. 76, f. xi. p. 468, e. 469, a. 473, b. BRANCHUS.) [L. S.]
483, a. 646, c. 652, f.). Athenaeus also cites the PHILE'SIUS (Pr7eINLos), an Achaean, was an
first book of his 7ravToro3arcv Xpse7oTrplWV (iii. p. officer in the army of Cyrus the Younger, and,
114, d. i. p. 11, d.), which is not improbably a after the treacherous capture of Clearchus and the
part of the same work. There are other quotations other generals by Tissaphernes, was chosen in the
from him in Athenaeus, displaying his accurate place of Menon. When the Cyrean Greeks, tired
knowledge, not only of the Attic dialect, but also of waiting for the return of Cheirisophus, deterof the Latin language (xiv. p. 652, f. iii. p. 114, mined to remove fiom Trapezus, Philesius and
d.; see also Etym. Melg. p. 563. 32; Fabric. Sophaenetus, the eldest of the generals, were the
Bibl. G-aec. vol. vi. p. 169). two appointed to proceed on ship-board with the
6. The instructor of the younger Maximirr. older m-en, the women and children, and the sick.
(Capitolin. Maxim. Jun. i.) At Cotyora, Philesius was one of those who at7. The author of a Aelsurd'v'seXAo-ylKcov, the tacked Xenophon for having, as was presumed,
extant portion of which was first edited, from a endeavoured secretly to bring over the soldiers to
MS. preserved in the Royal Library at Paris, by his project of founding a Greek colony on the
C. Burney (Lond. 1812), and afterwards by F. Euxine, without making any public announceOsann (Berlin, 1821). The author informs us in ment of it. At the same place, in a court held to
his preface, that his work was intended to take take cognizance of the conduct of the generals,
the place of a similar Lexicon by the Grammarian Philesius was fined 20 minae (somewhat more
I-yperechius, for such is the true reading, and not than 801.) for a deficiency in the cargoes of the
Ilypereschius, as it stands in the text of Philemon ships in which the army had come from Trapezus,
(Suid. s. vv.'TrepeXLeos, Anwv; Tzetz. Chlil. x. 305). and of which he was one of the commissioners.
The work of Hyperechius was entitled 7ro0 At Byzantium, when Xenophon had calmed the'AXetanvbpEws'Tsepexeov oAeiroaTv reXvoXoyfo ic Ka- tumult among the Cyreans consequent on their
YOVLKCcS ovYTreTeJa, and was arranged in eight discovery of the treachery of Anaxibius, Philesius
books, according to the eight different parts of was one of the deputation which was sent to the
speech [HYPEREcHIU us]. Philemon's lexicon was latter with a conciliatory message. (Xen. A2al).
a meagre epitoime of this work, the best parts of iii. 1. ~ 47, v. 3. ~ 1, 6. ~ 27, 8. ~ 1, vii. 1. ~~
which he seemns to have omitted: it is, however, 32, 34.) [E. E.]
not without its value in the department of literary PHILETAERUS (4,'lexratpos). 1. Founder of
history. It is often quoted in the Etyqmologiczum the kingdom of Pergamus, was a native of the
Magnum. Thle part of it which is extant consists small town of Tieium in Paphlagonia, and was an
of the first book, and the beginning of the second, eunuch in consequence of an accident suffered whenr
7repr ds'o/drrvv. I-Iperechius lived aboutthemiddle a child (Strab. xii. p. 543, xiii. p. 623). Accordof the fifth century of our era, and Philemon may ing to Carystius (ap. Athen. xiii. p. 577, b.) he
probably be placed in the seventh. All the in- was the son of a courtezan, though writers who
formation we have respecting him is collected by flourished under the kings of Pergamus did not
Osann, who also 3upplies important notices of the scruple to trace back their descent to Hercules.
other writers of this name. (See also Classical He is first mentioned in the service of IDocimus,
Journal, No. xii. pp. 37-42; Museum Criticnz, the general of Antigonus, from which he passed
vol. i. pp. 197-200; Schneider, Ueber Philemon, into that of Lysimnachus, and soon rose to so high
in the Plhilol. Biblioth. vol. ii. p. 520). [P. S.] a degree of favour with that monarch as to be enPHILE'MON, an engraver on precious stones, trusted by him with the charge of the treasures
two of whose gems are extant. (Bracci, vol. ii. n. which he had deposited for safety in the strong
94, 95.) [P. S.] fortress of Pergamus. He continled faithful to
PHILE'MON, a physiognomist mentioned by his trust till towards the end of the reign of LysiAbu-l-Faraj (liist. Dynast. p. 56), as having said machus, when the intrigues of ArsinoP, and the
that the portrait of Hippocrates (which was shown death of the young prince Agathocles, to whom he
him in order to test his skill) was that of a lasci- had been closely attached, excited apprehensions in
vious old man; the probable origin of which story the mind of Philetaerus for his own safety, and led
is explained under HIPPocRAaEs, p. 484. He is him to declare in favour of Seleucus. But though
also said by the same author to have written a he hastened to proffer submission to that monarch
work on Physiognomy which was extant in his he still retained in his own hands the fortress of
time in a Syriac tranlslation (see iWenrich, De Pergamus, with the treasures that it contained,