A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHARAX. PHARNABAZUS. 239
son of Teaspes, commanded the Marians and Col- I Athen. xii. p. 536, b. c.) that Pharax was much
chians in the expedition of Xerxes against Greece. addicted to luxury, and was more like a Greek of
(Her. vii. 79.) He is mentioned again by Hero- Sicily in this respect than a Spartan.
dotus (ix. 76), as having carried off by violence a 3. A Spartan, was one of the ambassadors who
woman of Cos, and made her his concubine. She were sent to negotiate an alliance with Athens
was rescued by the Greeks after the battle of against Thebes, in B. C. 369. (Xen. Hell. vi. 5.
Plataea. [E. E.] ~ 33.) [E. E.]
PHARASMANES (,apaa1ua'vns). 1. A king PHARIS (4,dpis), a son of Hermes and the
of the Scythian tribe of the Chorasmians, who pre- Danaid Philodameia, by whom he became the father
sented himself to Alexander the Great at Zariaspa, of Telegone. He is the reputed founder of the town
B. C. 328, with friendly offers, which were favour- of Pharae in Messenia. (Paus. iv. 30. ~ 2, vii.
ably received, and an alliance concluded between 22. ~ 3, where he is called Phares.) [L. S.]
them. He promised the Macedonian king his as- PHARMACEIA (IapudKcIma), the nymph of a
sistance in conquering the tribes between the Cas- well with poisonous powers, near the river Ilissus,
pian and the Euxine seas, when Alexander should ill Attica; she is described as a playmate of Oreihave leisure for this expedition. (Arr. Anab. iv. thyia (Plat. Phaed. p. 229, c.; Timaeus, Lex. Plat.
15.) s. v.). [L. S.]
2. A son of Phrataphernes, the satrap of Parthia PHARMA'CIDES (,apyaprwdes), i.e. sorceresses
and Hyrcania. (Ibid. vi. 27.) or witches, is the name by which the Thebans de3. King of Iberia, contemporary with the em- signated the divinities who delayed the birth of
peror Tiberius. He assisted his brother Mithridates Heracles. (Palls. ix. 11. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
to establish himself on the throne of Armenia, PHARNABA'ZUS (,Iapvd'~a~os). 1. Father
A. D. 35 [ARStcID.x, Vol. I. p. 362]; and when of Pharnaces (Thuc. ii. 67).
the Parthian prince Orodes attempted to dispossess 2. Son of Pharnaces, succeeded his father as
him of his newly-acquired kingdom, Pharasmanes satrap of the Persian provinces near the Hellesassembled a large army, with which he totally de- pont, and it would seem from a passage in Thucyfeated the Parthians in a pitched battle (Tac. Ann. dides (viii. 58) that his brothers were associated
vi. 32-35). At a later period (A. D. 53) he in- with him in the government (comp. Arnold and
stigated his son Rhadamistus, whose ambitious and G6ller ad Thzuc. 1. c.; Krueger, ad Tznuc. viii. 6).
aspiring character began to give him umbrage, to Early in B. c. 412, being anxious to support the
make war upon his uncle Mithridates, and sup- Greek cities of his satrapy in their intended revolt
ported him in his enterprize; but when Rhada- from Athens, in order that he might satisfy the
mistus was in his turn expelled by the Parthians, demand of his master, Dareius II., for the tribute
after a short reign (A. D. 55), and took refuge again arising from them, he sent to Sparta two Greek
in his father's dominions, the old king, in order to exiles who had taken refuge at his court (Calligeicurry favour with the Romans, who had expressed tus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicus), propostheir displeasure at the proceedings of Rhadamistus, ing an alliance, and urging that a Lacedaemonian
put his son to death. (Id. ib. xii. 42-48, xiii. 6, fleet should be despatched to the Hellespont. The
37.) [E. H. B.] government, however, acting chiefly under the inPHARAX, of Ephesus, a sculptor, whom Vi- fluence of Alcibiades, decided in favour of a counter
truvius mentions as one of those artists, who application to the same effect from Tissaphernes,
failed to obtain renown, not for want of industry or the satrap of Lydia; but, in the congress which
skill, but of good fortune (iii. Praef. ~ 2). [P. S.] the Spartans shortly after held at Corinth, it was
PHARAX (4ca'pa~). 1. A Spartan, father of resolved to send aid to the Hellespont after Chios
the Styphon, who was one of the prisoners taken and Lesbos should be won from Athens, and, in
by Demosthenes and Cleon at Sphacteria, in B. c. the same year, a squadron of twenty-seven ships,
425. (Thuc. iv. 38.) which had been prepared for this service, was de2. One of the council of ten, appointed by the spatched with orders to proceed under Clearchus to
Spartans in B. c. 418, to control Agis. At the co-operate with Pharnabazus, if it should seem fit
battle of Mantineia in that year, he restrained the to the Spartan commissioners who were sent out at
Lacedaemonians from pressing too much on the the same time to inquire into the conduct of Astyodefeated enemy, and so running the risk of driving chus (Thuc. viii. 6, 8, 39). Nothing, however,
them to despair (Thuc. v. 63, &c.; Diod. xii. 79; appears to have been attempted by the LacedaeWess. ad loc.). Diodorus speaks of him as having monians in this quarter till the spring of 411, when
been high in dignity among his countrymen, and DERCYLLIDAS marched thither, and, being joined
Pausanias (vi. 3) tells us that he was one of those by Pharnabazus, gained possession of Abydus, and,
to whom the Ephesians erected a statue in the for a time, of Lampsacus. In the following sumtemple of Artemis, after the close of the Pelopon- mer, as Pharnabazus promised to nlaintain any
nesian war. He seems to have been the same force which might come to his aid, and the supplies
person who was admiral in B. C. 397, and co-ope- from Tissaphernes were more grudgingly and scanrated with Dercyllidas in his invasion of Caria, tily furnished, the Spartans sent forty _ships under
where the private property of Tissaphernes lay Clearchus to the Hellespont, of which ten only
[DERCYLLIDAS]. In B. C. 396 he laid siege, with arrived there; but, the same motives still conti120 ships, to Caunus, where Conon was then nuing to operate with them, and the duplicity of
stationed; but he was compelled to withdraw by Tissaphernes becoming more and more apparent, the
the approach of a large force under Pharnabazus whole armament under Miindarus soon after left
and Artaphernes, according to Diodorus, in whom Miletus and sailed northward to unite itself with
however the latter name appears to be a mistake Pharnabazus (Thuc. viii. 61, 62, 80, 99-109). In
for Tissaphernes (Xen. Hell. iii. 2. ~~ 12. &c.; the battle betweenthe Athenian and Lacedaemonian
Diod. xiv. 79; Paus. vi. 7; Thirlwall's Greece, fleets, which was fought near Abydus in the same
vol. iv. p. 411). We learn from Theopompus (ap. year (B.c. 411), and in which the Athenians were vic