A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

238 PHANOSTHENES. PHARANDATES.
age and birthplace of Phanodemus are uncertain. 541; Ael. V. H. xiv. 5; Ath. xi. p. 506, a.; see
It has been conjectured, from a passage in Proclus above, vol. i. pp. 233, b. 1 067, a.) [E. E.]
(ad Platon. Tim. p. 30, ed. Basil.), that Theo- PHA'NOTEUS (IavoT'ebs), a Phocian and
pompus wrote against him, but the passage in friend of Orestes. (Soph. Elect. 45, 660.) [L. S.]
Proclus does not prove this. Phanodemus must PHANO'THEA ('iavoOea), was the wife of
in any case have lived before the time of Augustus, the Athenian Icarius. [ICARIUS, No. 1.] She was
as he is cited both by the grammarian Didymus said to have invented the hexameter. (Clem. Alex.
(Harpocrat. s. v.?yatyxia) and Dionysius of Hali- Strom. i. p. 366.) Porphyrius designates her as
carnassus (i. 61). The birthplace of Phanodgmus the Delphic priestess of Apollo (7; Ae.Aoue, Stob.
would, according to a passage of Hesychius (s. v. Florileg. xxi. 26.) [W. M. G.]
raXeor), be Tarentum, since the latter speaks both PHANTA'SI A (4aav'raa), one of those nuof Phanodemus and Rhinthon as Tape-TYVOL; but merous personages (in this case evidently mythic),
it has been well conjectured, that we ought in this to whom Homer is said to have been indebted for
passage to read TapevT7'oer, thus making Rhinthon his poems. She was an Egyptian, the daughter of
alone the Tarentine. It is much more probable Nicarchus, an inhabitant of Memphis. She wrote
that he was a native of the little island of Icus, an account of the Trojan war, and the wanderings
one of the Cyclades, since we know that lie wrote of Odysseus; and her poems were deposited in
a special work on that island. In any case he the temple of Hephaestus at Memphis. Homer
identified himself with Attica, and speaks with procured a copy from one of the sacred scribes,
enthusiasm of its greatness and glory. named Phanites. From this tradition, Lipsins,
Three works of Phanodenmus are cited, but of while he discredits the story, infers the early
these the first was by far the most important. establishment of libraries in Egypt. (Lipsius,
1.'A-Ots, which has been already spoken of. It Syntagm. Biblioth. c. 1; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i.
must have been a work of considerable extent, as p. 208.) [W. M. G.]
the ninth book is referred to (Harpocrat. s. v. PHANTON (4,dv'Wov), of Phlius, a PythaAewico'petov). We annex a few of the passages of the gorean philosopher, one of the last of that school, a
ancient writers, in which it is quoted: a complete disciple of Philolaus and Eurytus, and, probably in
list is contained in the works of which we give his old age, contemporary with Aristoxenus, the Pethe titles below (Athen. iii. p. 114, c. ix. p. ripatetic, B. C. 320. (Iamblich. de Vit. Pythag. cc.
392, d. x. p. 437, c. xi. p. 465, a.; Plht. Them. 35, 36; Diog. Laert. viii. 46.) [W. M. (.]
13, Cim. 12, 19). 2. ArXAtasd (Harpocrat. s. v. PHAON (,adev), the celebrated favourite of the'EKcd'riS yjeOS). There seems no good reason for poetess Sappho. He was a boatman at Mytilene,
changing the name of Phanodemus into that of and already at an advanced age and of ugly apPhanodicus in this passage of Harpocration, as pearance; but on one occasion he very willingly,
Vossius has done, nor to adopt the alteration of and without accepting payment, carried Aphrodite
Siebelis, by which the work is assigned to Semus. across the sea, for which the goddess gave him
3.'IKLaKa, an account of the island of Icus youth and beauty. After this Sappho is said to
(Steph. Byz. s. v.'IKed). The fragments of Pha- have fallen in love with him. (Aelian, V. H. xii.
nodemus have been collected by Siebelis, Phano- 18; Palaeph. 49; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9; comp.
demi, Demonis, &c., Fragmsenta, Lips. 1812 (p. v. SAPPHO.) [L. S.]
and pp. 3-14), and by C. and Th. Miiller, Frag- PHAON, a freedman of the emperor Nero, in
menta Historicorum Graecorzum, Paris, 1841 (pp. whose villa in the neighbourhood of the city Nero
lxxxiii. lxxxvii. and pp. 366-370). took refuge, when the people rose against him,
PIIANO'DICUS (4,avMLKoS), a Greek writer and where he met his death A. D. 68. (Suet. Ner.
of uncertain date, wrote a work entitled A-qMaKa'. 48, 49; Dion Cass. lxiii. 28; Aur. Vict. Epit. 5.)
(Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. i. 211, 419; Diog. Laert. PHAON (4-acv), one of the most ancient of the
i. 31, 82.)' Greek physicians, who must have lived in or before
An inscription found at Sigeum, and written the fifth century B. C., as he was either a contemboustrophedon, is referred by Biickh to the porary or predecessor of Hippocrates. He was one
above-mentioned Phanodicus. The inscription, of the persons to whom some of the ancient critics
which begins 4asoKtcom etAl'Tov'Ep1AOtcpd'rToS To0 attributed the treatise Ilep Aa[Trs'T-ytemtv', De
IIpoKeov7altov, belonged to the base of a statue Salubri Victus Ratione, which forms part of the
erected to the honour of Phanodicus, and' is evi- Hippocratic Collection. [HIPPOCRATES, p. 486, a.]
dently later than the time of Augustus and (Galen, Conmmnzet in Hippocr. "De Vict. Rat. in
Tiberius, though it would at first sight appear from iforb. Acit." i. 17, vol. xv. p. 455.) [W. A. G.]
the style of the writing to have been of very an- PHARA'CIDAS (,apactR'as), a Lacedaemoniaal
cient date. (Biickh, Corp. Inscr. vol. i. n. 8.) who commanded a fleet of thirty ships sent by the
PHIANO'MACHUS (4,av',uaXyos),anAthenian, Spartans and their allies to the assistance of the
the son of Callimachus. He was one of the generals elder Dionysius, when Syracuse was besieged by
to whom the inhabitants of Potidaea surrendered, the Carthaginians under Himilco, B. c. 396.
B. c. 429. He was shortly afterwards the colleague Having fallen in with a squadron of Carthaginian
of Xenophon the son of Euripides, in an expedition ships, he took nine of them, and carried them
against the Chalcidians. (Thuc. ii. 70, 79; Diod. safely into the port of Syracuse. His arrival
xii. 47.) [C. P. M.] there infused fresh vigour into the besieged, and
PHANO'STHENES (,eavo'Ode0vrs), anAndrian, he appears to have contributed essentially to the
was entrusted by the Athenians, in B. C. 407, with successes that followed. At the same time he
the command of four ships, and was sent to Andros lent the weight of his name and influence as the
to succeed Conon on that station. On his way, he representative of Sparta, to support the authority
fell in with two Thurian gallies, under the com- of Dionysius. (Diod. xiv. 63, 70, 72; Polyaen.
mand of Dorieus, and captured them with their ii. 11.) [E. IH. B.]
crews. (Xen. Iell. i. 5. ~~ 18, 19; Plat. [on, p. PHARANDA'TES (4apaavsm1drs), a Persian,