A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PHALAECUS. PHALANTHUS. 233
Heliades or Phaethontiades. (Ov. Mlet. ii. 346; leader of mercenary troops, in which character we
comp. HELIADES.) find him engaging in various enterprizes. At one
2. A daughter of Helios by Neaera, guarded the time he determined to enter the service of the
flocks of her father in Thrinacia in conjunction Tarentines, then at war with the Lucanians; but
with her sister Lampetia. (Hom. Od. xii. 132; a mutiny among his own troops having compelled
Apollon. Rhod. iv. 971.) [L. S.] him to abandon this project and return to the
PHAETUS, a writer on cookery of uncertain Peloponnese, he subsequently passed over to
age. (Athen. xiv. p. 643, e. f.) Crete, and assisted the Cnossiaus against their
PHAGITA, CORNE'LIUS. [CORNELIUS, neighbours of Lyttus. He was at first successful,
No. 2.] and took the city of Lyttus; but was afterwards
PHALAECUS (cdAamKos), a tyrant of Ambra- expelled from thence by Archidamus king of
cia, in whose way Artemis once sent a young lion, Sparta: and having next laid siege to Cydonia,
while he was hunting. When Phalaecus took the lost many of his troops, and was himself killed in
young animal into his hand, the old lioness rushed the attack. WVe are told that his besieging
forth and tore him to pieces. The people of Am- engines were set on fire by lightning, and that he,
bracia who thus got rid of their tyrant, propitiated with many of his followers, perished in the conArtemis Hegemone, and erected a statue to Arte- flagration; but this story was probably invented
mis Agrotera. (Anton. Lib. 4.) [L. S.] to give a colour to his fate of that divine venPHALAECUS (,idhAancos), son of Onomarchus, geance which was believed to wait upon the
the leader of the Phocians in the Sacred War. whole of his sacrilegious race. I-Iis death appears
He was still very young at the death of his uncle to have been after that of Archidamus in B. C. 338.
Phayllus (B. c. 351), so that the latter, though he (Diod. xvi. 61-63; Paus. x. 2. ~ 7.) [E. H. B.]
designated him for his successor in the chief com- PHALAECUS (,baAaKosg), a lyric and epimand, placed him for a time under the guardian- grammatic poet, from whom the metre called 4Iaship of his friend Mnaseas. But very shortly haficeov took its name. (Hephaest. p. 57. Gaisf.)
afterwards Mnaseas having fallen in battle against He is occasionally referred to by the grammarians
the Boeotians, Phalaecus, notwithstanding his (Terentian. p. 2424; Auson. Epist. 4), but they
youth, assumed the command in person, and give us no information respecting his works, except
carried on hostilities with various success. The that he composed hymns to Hermes. The line quoted
war had now resolved itself into a series of petty by Hephaestion (1. c.) is evidently the first verse
invasions, or rather predatory incursions by the of a hymn. He seems to have been distinguished
Phocians and Boeotians into each other's territory, as an epigrammatist (Ath. x. p. 440, d.); and five
and continued without any striking incident until of his epigrams are still preserved in the Greek
B. C. 347. But it seems that Phalaecus had failed Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 421), besides
or neglected to establish his power at home as the one quoted by Athenaeus (I. c.). The age of
firmly as his predecessors had done: and a charge Phalaecus is uncertain. The conjecture of Reiske
was brought against him by the opposite party of (ap. Fab. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 490) is founded on
having appropriated part of the sacred treasures to an epigram which does not properly belong to this
his own private purposes, in consequence of which writer. A more probable indication of his date is
he was deprived of his power. No punishment, furnished by another epigram, in which he mentions
however, appears to have been inflicted on him; the actor Lycon, who lived in the time of Alexand the following year (B. C. 346) we find him again ander the Great (Meineke, IIist. Crit. Com. Graec.
appointed general, without any explanation of p. 32 7); but this epigram also is of somewhat
this revolution: but it seems to have been in doubtful authorship. At all events he was prosome manner connected with the proceedings of bably one of the principal Alexandrian poets.
Philip of Macedon, who was now preparing to The Phalaecian verse is well known from its
interpose in the war. It is not easy to under- frequent use by the Roman poets. The Roman
stand the conduct of Phalaecus in the subsequent grammarians also call it Hendecasyllabus. Its
transactions; but whether he was deceived by the normal form, which admits of many variations, is
professions of Philip, or had been secretly gained
over by the king, his measures were precisely v v - -
those best adapted to facilitate the projects of the It is much older than Phalaecus, whose name is
Macedonian monarch. Instead of strengthening given to it, not because he invented, but behis alliance with the Athenians and Spartans, he cause he especially used it. It is a very antreated the former as if they had been his open cient and important lyric metre. Sappho freenemies, and by his behaviour towards Archi- quently used it, and it is even called the ge;rpov
damus, led that monarch to withdraw the forces aarpclKov'r Toi aaLaaKcefo (Atil. Fort. p. 2674,
which he had brought to the succour of the Pho- Putsch; Terentian. p. 2440). No example of it is
cians. All this time Phalaecus took no measures found in the extant fragments of Sappho; but
to oppose the progress of Philip, until the latter it occurs in those of Anacreon and Simonides,
had actually passed the straits of Thermopylae, in Cratinus, in Sophocles (Philoct. 136-151), and
and all hope of resistance was vain. He then other ancient Greek poets. [P. S.]
hastened to -conclude a treaty with the Mace- PHALACRUS, one of the Sicilians oppressed
donian king, by which he provided for his own by Verres. He was a native of Centuripa, and the
safety, and was allowed to withdraw into the commander of a ship. (Cic. Verr. v. 40,44,46.)
Peloponnese with a body of 8000 mercenaries, PHALANTHUS ('aIXaeos), a son of Ageleaving the unhappy Phocians to their fate. laus, and grandson of Stymphalus, and the re(Diod. xvi. 38-40, 56, 59; Paus. x. 2. ~ 7; puted founder of Phalanthus in Arcadia. (Panus.
Aesch. de F. Leq. p. 45-47; Dem. de 1i. Ley. viii. 35. ~ 7.) [L. S.]
pp. 359, 364; Thirlwali's Greece, vol. v. chap. 44.) PIIALANTHUS (B'dAav0os), a Phoenician
Phalaecus now assumed the part of a mere leader, who held for a long time against the Do