A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

230 PHAEDON. PHAEDRUS.
PHAEAX (,alta), a celebrated architect of structed him in philosophy. Phaedon was present
Agrigentum, who flourished about 01. 75, B. C. 480, at the death of Socrates, while he was still quite a
and executed several important public works for youth. From the mention of his long hair (Plat.
his native city. Among the most remarkable of 1. c.) it would seem that he was not eighteen years
these works were the sewers (vrJdvo/ou), which of age at the time, as at that age it was customary
were named, after the architect, paiaKEs. (Diod. to cease wearing the hair long. (Becker, Clharikles,
xi. 25.) [P. S.] ii. p. 382.) That Phaedon was on terms of friendPHAE'DIMA (4'ca'i/uA), a Persian lady, daugh- ship with Plato appears likely from the mode in
ter of Otanes, was one of the wives of Cambyses which he is introduced in the dialogue which takes
and of Smerdis the Magian. Instigated by her its name from him. Other stories that were curfather, she discovered one night, while he was asleep, rent in the schools spoke of their relation as being
that Smerdis had lost his ears; and thus she con- that of enmity rather than friendship. (Athen. xi.
firmed the suspicion of Otanes, that he was not as pp. 505, 507, c.) In the former passage Athenaeus
he pretended to be, Smerdis, the son of Cyrus. says, that neither Gorgias nor Phaedon would
(Her. iii. 68, 69.) [OTANES.] [E. E.] acknowledge the least of what Plato attributed to
PHAE'DIMUS ('aiSlAos), the name of two them in the dialogues that bore their names.)
mythical personages, the one a son of Amphion Several philosophers were ungenerous enough to
and Niobe (Apollod. iii. 5. ~ 6), and the other a reproach Phaedon with his previous condition, as
king of the Sidonians, who hospitably received Hieronymus (Diog. Lai'rt. 1. c.), and Epicurus (Cic.
Menelaus on his return from Troy. (Hom. Od. de Nat. Deor. i. 33. ~ 93). Besides Plato Aeschines
xv-. 117.) [L. S.] named one of his dialogues after Phaedon. (Suid.
PHAEIDIMUS (4,aifisLos), was one of the s. v. Aio-Xlvss.)
Thirty Tyrants, according to the common reading Phaedon appears to have lived in Athens some
of a passage in Demosthenes (de Fals. Leg. p. time after the death of Socrates. He then re402.) The name, as given by Xenophon (Hell. ii. turned to Elis, where he became the founder of a
3. ~ 2), is Phaedrias. [E. E.] school of philosophy. Anchipylus and Moschus
PHAE'DIMUS (4iaiysLos), an epigrammatic are mentioned among his disciples. (Diog. Laiirt. ii.
poet, four of whose epigrams are contained in the 126.) He was succeeded by Pleistanus (Diog.
Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 261; Lairt. ii. 105), after whom the Elean school was
Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 192.) He lived merged in the Eretrian. [MENEDEMUS.] Of the
earlier than Meleager, in whose Garland his doctrines of Phaedon nothing is known, except as
verses had a place (v. 52). We learn from Ste- they made their appearance in the philosophy of
phanus that he was a native of Bisanthe in Menedemus. Nothing can safely be inferred reMacedonia, or, according to others, of Amastris or specting them from the Phaedon of Plato. None
Cromna, in Paphlagonia. (Steph. Byz. s. v. of Phaedon's writings have come down to us.
BiLod'Yv6.) One of his epigrams is inscribed They were in the form of dialogues. There was
Brloar'ivoo in the Palatine and Planudean An- some doubt in antiquity as to which were genuine,
thologies. He also perhaps wrote an epic poem en- and which were not. Panaetius attempted a critititled Heracleia, for Athenaeus (xi. p. 498, e.) cal separation of the two classes (Diog. La'rt. ii.
quotes an hexameter line from Phaedimus, iv 64); and the ZwS4rupos and the l>Awv were ac7rps'T'HpaKXeias. (Schweigh. ad loc.) [P. S.] knowledged to be genuine. Besides these DioPHAEDON (4,Ial3), a Greek philosopher of genes Lairtius (ii. 105) mentions as of doubtful
some celebrity. He was a native of Elis, and of authenticity the NaKdae, Mlioes,'ATri,'uaxos 1 7rpeo-.
high birth. He was taken prisoner in his youth, C-rat, and ZKveKcol A&yoi. Besides these Suidas
and passed into the hands of an Athenian slave mentions the iLpuAiLas,'AxhKICdasls, and Kplro'aos.
dealer; and being of considerable personal beauty It was probably from the Zopyrus that the inci(Plat. Phaed. c. 38) was compelled to prostitute dent alluded to by Cicero (de Fato, 5, Tusc.
himself. (Diog. Lahrt. ii. 105; Suid. s. v. cPaitou,; Disp. iv. 37. ~ 80), Maximus Tyr. (xxxi. 3), and
A. Gellius, N. A. ii. 18.) The occasion on which others, was derived. Seneca (Ep. 94. 41) has a
he was taken prisoner was no doubt the war be- translation of a short passage from one of his
tween Sparta and Elis, in which the Lacedaemo- pieces. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. ii. p. 717; Scholl,
nians were joined by the Athenians, which was car- Gesclc. der Griech. Lit. vol. i. p. 475; Preller in
ried on in the years B. C. 401, 400. (Clinton, s. a.) Ersch and Gruber's Encycl.) [C. P. M.]
The reading'IIvJv in Suidas is of course an error. PHAEDRA (Q4aipa), a daughter of Minos by
The later date assigned for the war by Kriiger and Pasiphae or Crete, and the wife of Theseus.
others is manifestly erroneous. (See Clinton, Fasti (Apollod. iii. 1. ~ 2.) She was the stepmother of
HIellen. vol. ii. p. 220, ed. 3.) So that it would be Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, by Antiope or Hipin the summer of B.c. 400 that Phaedon was polyte, and having fallen in love with him he rebrought to Athens. A year would thus remain for pulsed her, whereupon she calumniated him before
his acquaintance with Socrates, to whom he at- Theseus. After the death of Hippolytus, his intached himself. According to Diogenes Lairtius nocence became known to his father, and Phaedra
(1. c.) he ran away from his master to Socrates, and made away with herself. (Hornm. Od. xi. 325;
was ransomed by one of the friends of the latter. Eurip. Hippol.; compare THESEUs and HIPPOLYSaidas says, that he was accidentally present at a TUS.) [L. S.]
conversation with Socrates, and besought him to PHAE'DRIAS (aiLpb[as), is mentioned by
effect his liberation. Various accounts mentioned Xenophon (Hell. ii. 3. ~ 2), as one of the Thirty
Alcibiades, Criton, or Cebes, as the person who Tyrants. [PHAEDIMUS.] [E. E.]
ransomed him. (Diog. Lairt.; Suid.; A. Gell. I. c.) PHAEDRUS (4a?&pos). l. An Athenian, the
Alcibiades, however, was not at Athens at the son of Pythocles, of the deme Myrrhinus (Plat.
time. Cebes is stated to have been on terms of Phaedr. p. 244). He was a friend of Plato (Diog.
intimate friendship with Phaedon, and to have in- Lai'rt. iii. 29), by whom he is introduced in the