A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PETRUS. PErR US. 225
his episcopal throne. The second Stephen (Tille- Cyril, who held the patriarchate for seven years
mont and Valesius, Not. ad Evagyr. I. E. iii. 16, say (A.D. 444-451). Peter was the ready participator
the first) was tumultuously murdered according to in the violences of Dioscorus, and earnestly embraced
Evagrius by the boys of Antioch, but according to his cause, when he was deposed by the Council of
Malelas by the Monophysite party among his own Chalcedon, withdrawing from the communion of the
clergy, who apparently restored, not Peter indeed, successor of Dioscorus, Proterius, who supported the
for he was too far removed, but the other Monophy- cause of the council, and uniting in the opposition
site, John Codonatus. However, Acacius, patriarch raised by Timothy Aelurus and others. (Liberat.
of Constantinople, bought him off with the arch- ibid. c. 15.) He was consequently sentenced by
bishopric of Tyre, and placed Calandion at Antioch Proterius, apparently to deposition and excommuniin his room: but Calandion was soon banished, cation. (Liberat. ibid.) Whether he was banished,
either on a charge of Nestorianism, or because he as well as Timothy Aelurus, is not clear, but he
was a partizan of Illus and Leontius [ILLus]; seems to have accompanied Timothy to Alexandria,
and the Monophysites, now again completely in and to have been his chief supporter when, after the
the ascendant, prevailed on Zeno to consent to the death of the emperor Marcian, he returned, and either
restoration of Peter, after the latter had signed the murdered Proterius or excited the tumults that led
emperor's " Henoticon," or decree for the unity of to his death A. D. 457. Timothy Aelurus was
the Church. This final restoration of Peter is immediately raised to the patriarchate by his parplaced by Theophanes in A. M. 5978, Alex. era,= tizans, but was shortly after banished by the emA. n. 485 or 486. The Western Church, which all peror Leo I., the Thracian, who had succeeded
along retained its allegiance to the Council of Chal- Marcian: Peter also was obliged to flee. Another
cedon, anathematized Peter in a council held at Timothy, surnamed Salofaciolus, a supporter of the
Rome (A. D. 485); but to no purpose. Protected Council of Chalcedon, was appointed to succeed
now by Zeno, and strong in the predominance of Proterius in the patriarchate. When, in the folhis own party, he retained the patriarchate at least lowing reign of Zeno, or rather during the short
for three years, till his death, which is placed by usurpationi of Basiliscus, Timnotheus Aelurus was
Victor of Tunes in A. D. 488, by Theophanes in recalled from exile (A.D. 475), and was sent from
A. o. 5983, Alex. era, -A. D. 490 or 491. Theo- Constantinople to Alexandria to re-occupy that see,
phanes charges him with various offences against he was joined by Peter (Liberatus, ibid. c. 16),
ecclesiastical rule, and with many acts of oppression and his party, and with their support drove out
in this last period of his episcopacy: and the his competitor Salofaciolus, who took refuge in a
charge derives credit from the previous character monastery at Canopus. On the downfal of Basiand conduct of Peter and his party. One of the liscus and the restoration of Zeno, Timothy Aelurus
latest manifestations of his ever-restless ambition was allowed, through the emperor's compassion for
was an attempt to add the island of Cyprus to his his great age, to retain his see; but when on his
patriarchate. lie was succeeded in the see of An- death (A.D. 477) the Monophysite bishops of Egypt,
tioch by Palladius, a presbyter of Seleuceia. The without waiting for the emperor's directions, elected
Concilir contain (vol. iv. col. 1098, &c. ed Labbe; Peter (who had previously obtained the rank of
vol. ii. col. 817, 823, 835, &c. ed. I-Iardouin) a archdeacon) as his successor, the emperor's indignumber of letters from various Eastern or Western nation was so far roused, that he determined to
prelates to Peter: but their genuineness is strongly put the new prelate to death. His anger, however,
disputed by Valesius (Obsservation. Ecelestiastic. ad somewhat abated, and Peter was allowed to live,
Evnagriemt, lib. i.; De Petro nFelowe et de Synodis but was deprived of the patriarchate, to which
adversus eum conzyregatis, c. 4 ), and other modern Timothy Salofaciolus was restored. On the death
critics. (Evagrius, II. E. iii. 5, 10, 16, 23, cum of Salofaciolus, which occurred soon after, John of
not. Valesii; Theodor. Lector. HI. E. i. 20-22, Tabenna, surnamed Talaia or Talaida [JOANNES,
30, 31, ii. 2, cum inot. Valesii; Breviculus de No. 115], was appointed to succeed him; but he
Itistoria, Eutt/c/iciaistarumz s. Gesta de Norinre was velry shortly deposed by order of Zeno, on
Acacii apud C'orcilia (vol. iv. col. 1079, ed. Labbe); some account not clearly ascertained, and Peter
Liberatus, Bre-iarians, c. 18; Theophanes, Chro- Mongus was unexpectedly recalled from Euchaita
nog. pp. 104-116, ed. Paris, pp. 83-93, ed. in Pontus, whither he had been banished, and was
Venice, vol. i. pp. 187-209, ed. Bonn; Malelas, (A.D. 482) restored to his see. His restoration apCirono. lib. xv. vol. ii. pp. 88-91, ed. Hody, pears to have been part of the policy of Zeno, to
vol. ii. pp 32, 33, ed. Venice, pp. 379-381, ed. unite if possible all parties, a policy which Peter,
Bonn; Victor Tunnunensis, Chraonicon; Alexander whose age and misfortunes appear to have abated
Monach. Cyprius, Laudatio S. Barnabae, c. 3, apud the fierceness of his party spirit, was ready to
Acta Sansctorlno, 1 c. c.; Synodicon Vetus apud Fa- adopt. He consequently subscribed the Henoticon
bricium, 1. c.; Vales. Observ. Eccles. ad Evagr. lib. of the emperor, and readmitted the Proterian party
i.; Tillemont, lllgnoires, vol. xvi., and liist. des to communion on their doing the same. John of
Emp. vol. vi.; Le Quien, Oriens Christiatls, vol. ii. Tabenna had meanwhile fled to Rome, uwhere the
col. 724, &c.; Fabric. Biblioth. Grace. vol. xi. p. pope Simplicius, who, with the Western Church,
336.) steadily supported the Council of Chalcedon, em18. GNAPHEUS. [No. 17.] braced his cause, and wrote to the emperor in his
19. MAGISTER. [No. 25.] behalf. Felix II. or III., who succeeded Simpli20. MIANSUR. [No. 13.] cius (A.D. 483) was equally zealous on the same
21. M.ECiOLaNENSIS, Of MILAN. [No. 9.] side. Peter had some difficulty in maintaining
22. MONGUS or MOGGUS (rIEIrpos Moyy'os), his position. In order to recover the favour of his
Monophysite patriarch of Alexandria in the fifth Monophysite friends, whom his subservience to
century. Liberatus (Breviarizanm, c. 16) gives him Zeno's policy had alienated, he anathematized the
also the surname of BLAEsus, the STAMMERER. Council of Chalcedon; and then, to avert the disHe was ordained deacon by Dioscorlis, successor of pleasure of Acacius of Constanltinople and of the
VOL, ill. Q