A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PETRUS. PETRUS. 221
fiterant exules missi. Facundus has preserved two by Pope Gelasius (Decretum de Libris Apocryphis).
passages of this in a Latin version in his Pro De- This Evangeliumn Petri must not be confounded
fensione Trium Capitulorum, lib. iv. c. 2, lib. xi. c. with the Evangeliztm Infantiae, which an Oriental
2. These fragments of the works of Peter are tradition ascribes to Peter; and still less with the
given from Theodoret and Facundus, in the seventh canonical Gospel of Mark, which has sometimes
volume of the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland. been named after Peter, because supposed to have
(Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 37], vol. i. p. 254; been written under his direction. The apocryphal
Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. ix. p. 318; Galland. Gospel of Peter is not extant. Serapion of AnBibliotlheca Patrum, proleg. ad vol. vii. c. 6.) tioch, a Christian writer near the close of the second
3. Of ALEXANDRIA (3). [No. 22.] century, wrote a refutation of the fables con4. Of ANTIOCH (1). [No. 17.] tained in it, by which some Christians at Rhossus
5. Of ANTIOCH (2). Contemporary with Michael in Syria had been led into heresy. Eusebius (H. E.
Cerularius, patriarch of Constantinople [MICHAEL, vi. 1]2) quotes a passage of this work of Serapiofi.
No. 6], and Leo of Achridia [LEO, No. 2], and (Fabric. Cod. Apocryph. p. 137.) 2. HIIpadEL
united with them in hostility to the Latin Church, e n'rpov, Actus s. Acta Petri. This work,is menwas Petrus or Peter, the third patriarch of Antioch tioned by Eusebius (IS. E. iii. 3), by Jerome (. c.),
of that name in the current tables of the occupants by Isidore of Pelusium (Epistol. ii. 99), and apof that see, which commence with the Apostle parently by Philastrius (De Haeres. lxxxvii.), who
Peter. Peter obtained the patriarchate in the speaks of an apocryphal work of Peter as received
year 1053, and in the same year he sent synodical by the Manichaeans. It is not unlikely that these
letters to the patriarchs of Alexandria, Jerusalem, Acta Petri were substantially identical with or
and Constantinople, and to the pope, Leo IX., incorporated in the Recognitiones Clementinae [CLEsignifying his accession. Cave states that he sent MENS ROMANUS]; for Photius (Biblioth. codd. 112,
to the pope "a profession of his faith," but it is 113) states that many copies of the Recognitiones
probable that he has applied this term to the were preceded by an introductory letter to James,
synodical letter, of which a Latin version appears the Lord's brother ('E7reioAs.) I7rps T'Y des6XOE'0eov
among the letters of Leo IX.; but Le Quien, who'IdaKeo'oo, Epistola ad Firatrnem Donzini Jacoburn),
had in his possession the Greek text of these sy- of which there were two copies, one as from
nodical letters, complains of the great discrepancy the Apostle Peter, stating that he had himself
between the Greek text and the Latin version. written his nlpatcrs, Acta, and sent them to
Two letters of Peter appear in Greek with aLatin James, who had requested to have them; the
version, in the Monumenta Ecclesiae Graecae, of other, as from Clement, stating that he had written
Cotelerius, vol. ii. pp. 112, 145. The first is en- the Acta at the command of Peter. Photius contitled Epistola ad Dominicurn Gradensem, and is an jectured, with apparent reason, that there were two
answer to Dominicus Gradensis s. Venetus, pa- editions or copies of the Acta Petri, of which the
triarch of Venice or Aquileia, whose letter, in the one written as by himself had been lost, while the
collection of Cotelerius, precedes that of Peter; the other, which was either the same with the Recogsecond is addressed to Michael Cerularius, Epistola nitiones, or was incorporated in them, had been
ad 2liichaelens Cerularium, and is preceded by a generally diffused. There is some room, however, to
letter of Michael to Peter, to which it is the doubt the identity of the lost edition with the
answer. A considerable part of this letter had work mentioned by Eusebius and the other ancient
previously been published by Leo Allatius, in his writers. (Comp. Grabe, Spicilegiumn, vol. i. p. 78.)
De Consensu Ecclesiarem Orient. et Occident. lib. 3. Epistola ad;ra/trez Do)omini Jacobum, just
iii. c. 12. ~ 4. According to Cave, Peter bitterly mentioned. Turrianus, in his Apologia pro Episinveighed against the lives and doctrines of the tolis Pontificumn, published (lib. iv. c. I, and lib. v.
Latin clergy, and especially against the addition of c. 23) a letter of Peter to James, which Cotelerius.
the words " filioque" to the creed; while, accord- in his Palres Apostolici, prefixed to the Clementina
ing to Le Quien, he preserved a more impartial s. Honmiliae Clententinae, a work which Cave appears
tone, and showed every where "a disposition justly to characterize as only another edition or
averse to schism." There is extant in MS. at form of the Recognitiones. We consider the'E7rloVienna, another letter of Peter, Petsri Epistola ad ToAi) rp is'IaKoicov, Epistola ad Jacobumn, published
Joannene Tranensenz in Apulia Eipiscopuen, relating by Turrianus and Cotelerius, to be the one mento the matters in dispute between the Eastern and tioned by Photius; though Fabricius, who has
Western Churches. (Cave, Ilist. Litt. ad ann. reprinted it in his Codex Apocryphus N. T. vol. ii.
1040, vol. ii. p. 132; Oudin, Commnent. de Scrip- p. 997, &c. regards it as a different one. 4. nIerpou
torib. et Scriptis Eccles. vol. ii. col. 605; Lambec. dsrocoaXvLrs; Petri 4pocalypsis s. Revelatio. This
Comment. de Biblioth. Caesarsea, lib. v. cod. ccxlvii. work is mentioned by Eusebius (H. E. iii. 3),
Nos. 19, 20, 22, col. 261-265, ed. Kollar; Le Jerome (I. c.), Sozomen (H. E. vii. 19), and ill
Quien, Oriens Christian. vol. ii. col. 754.) some copies of the Stichonmetria subjoined to the
6. APosToLus, the APOSTLE. Various apocry- Chronographia of Nicephorus of Constantinople.
phal writings were, in the earlier periods of the It was cited by the heretic Theodotus, as appears
Church, circulated under the name of the Apostle from a passage in the'T7rorvmriseLe, Hypotyposes
Peter. 1. KaITU l'rpoY EiayyeA'ovy, Evangelium of Clemens of Alexandria, noticed by Eusebius
Petri s. Evangelinum secunduan Petrum. This is (H.E. vi. 14). Sozomen (l.c.) states that the
mentioned by Origen (Commentar. in Matthaeum, work was, in his time, read once a year in some of
tom. xi.), by Eusebius (11. E. iii. 3, 25, vi. 12), the churches in Palestine. A passage in Latin,
by Jerome (De Viris Illustrib. c. 1), by Theodoret cited by Jacobus de Vitriaco in the thirteenth cen(Haeret. Fabul. Comrpend. ii. 2), who confounds tury, as from the Apocalypsis Petri (apud Grabe,
it with the Evangelium Ncazaraeorum, or Gospel Spicilegium, vol. i. p. 76), must be from a much
nsed by the Nazarenes; and, according to two later work than that noticed by Clement, Eusebius,
MSS., but not according to the printed editions, and Jerome, for it bears internal evidence of having