A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

184 PENTADIUS. PENTHESILEIA.
Sparta, and thence to Mantineia, where her tomb a circular revolution (Scalig. Poet. ii. 30). Poets
was shown in after times. (Paus. viii. 12. ~ 3.) of a higher stamp have occasionally had recourse to
According to another tradition, Penelope, with a similar artifice, but merely for the sake of making
Telemachus and Telegonus, who had killed his a passing impression, as when we read in Ovid
father Odysseus, went to Aeaea, and there mar- (Amor. i. 9),
ried Telegonus; whereas, according to others again, Militat omnis amans et habet sua castra Cupido,
she married Telegonus in the islands of the Attice crede mihi, militat omnis amans.
Blessed. (Hygin. Fab. 127; Tzetz. ad Lycophr.
805.) [L. S.] (Compare Fast. iv. 365; Martial. ix. 98.) But we
PENETRA'LIS, a surname or epithet given have no example among the purer writers of a
to the several divinities at Rome, that were wor- serious composition in which such a conceit is proshipped in the Penetrale, or the central part of longed through a series of couplets.
the house, such as Jupiter, Vesta, the Penates, &c. We know nothing with regard to the personal
(Senec. Oed. 265; Fest. s. v. Herceus; comp. history of the author of these pieces nor of the
PENATES.) [L. S.] period when he may have flourished, although from
PENNUS, i. e. "sharp" (pennumn antiqui acu- the tone in which they are conceived we may
tuem dicebant, Isid. Orig. xix. 19), was a family- safely assign him to the later empire, and one exname in the Junia and Quinctia gentes. In the pression (i. 33) might lead us to believe that he
latter gens it always occurs with other surnames, was a Christian. He is generally supposed to be
under which the Quinctii with this cognomen are the person to whom Lactantius dedicates the Epigiven [CAPITOLINUS, QUINCTIUS, Nos. 7, 8, 9; tome of his Divine Institutions, and whom he
CINCINNATUS, No. 3]: the Penni of the Junia styles "brother," but beyond the identity of name
gens are given below. we are not aware that any evidence can be adduced
1. M. JUNIUS PENNUS, curule aedile, B. c. 205, in support of this position.
and praetor urbanus, B. C. 201. (Liv. xxix. 11, Certain short poems included in the Catalecta Pexxx. 40, xxxi. 4.) troniana are in some MSS. given to Pentadius, par2. M. JUNIIs M. F. M. N. PENNUS, son of ticularly two elegiac couplets on the faithlessness of
No. 1, was praetor B. c.] 72, and obtained Nearer woman (Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 88, or No. 245,
Spain for his province. The reinforcements for ed. Meyer), and fourteen hendecasyllabics, De
his army, which he urgently demanded from the se- Vita Beata, which certainly bear the impress of a
nate, did not arrive till he had togive upthe province better age than the verses discussed above (Burto his successor. He was consul B. C. 167, with mann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 93, or No.'250, ed. Meyer;
Q. Aelius Paetus, and obtained Pisae as his pro- Wernsdorf, Post. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 405). There
vince. (Liv. xlii 9, 10, 18, xlv. 16, 17; Cic. Brut. is also an Epitaphiumn Achilli (Burm. Anthol. i. 98,
28; Fasti Capit.) Meyer, append. 1614), which has a strong resem3. M. JUNIUS PENNUS, son of No. 2, was tri- blance to the Tumulus Hectoris generally given to
bune of the plebs, B. C. 126, in which year he an Eusebius or an Eusthenius, but by Scaliger and
brought forward a law for expelling all strangers Wernsdorf to Pentadius. Wernsdorf, in one
or foreigners (peregrini) from Rome. This law portion of his work, endeavoured to prove that the
was opposed by C. Gracchus, lecause the peregrini Epitome Iliados Homeri, which bears the name of
were of assistance to him in his struggle with the Pindarus, ought in reality to be assigned to Penaristocracy, but it was carried notwithstanding. tadius, but this idea he afterwards abandoned.
Pennus was afterwards elected to the aedileship, (Wernsdorf, Poet. Lat. Min. vol. iii. p. 256, iv. p.
but died before obtaining any higher honour in the 546; Burmann, Anthol. Lat. iii. 105, Meyer, vol. i.
state. (Cic. Brut. 28, de Off. iii. 1 ]; Fest. s. v. p. xxvii. and Epp. No. 241-252, and append. Ep.
Respublica.) No. 1614; see also Burmann, i. 98, 102, 139, 140,
PENTA'DIUS, the name prefixed in MSS. to 141, 142, 148, 165, ii. 203, iii. 88, 93, 105, v.
ten short elegies or epigrams, extending in all to 69.) [W. R.]
ninety-eight lines, which are severally entitled: PENTHESILEIA (rhsv0eaiEAla), a daughter
-1. De Fortuna, 18 couplets. 2. De Adventu of Ares and Otrera, and queen of the Amazons.
Veras, 11 couplets. 3, 4, 5, 6. De Narcisso, re- (Hygin. Fab. 112; Serv. ad Aen. i. 491; comp.
spectively 5, 1, 2, 1, couplets. 7. Tumulus Acidis, Hygin. Fab. 225; Justin. ii. 4; Lycoph. 997.)
4 couplets. 8. Tzmulus Hectoris, 5 couplets. 9. In the Trojan war she assisted the Trojans, and
De Chrysocome, 1 couplet. 10. In Virgilium, I offered gallant resistance to the Greeks. (Dict.
couplet. Cret. iii. 15; Ov. Heroid. xxi. 118.) After the
The first three, which it will be observed are fall of Hector she fought a battle against the
much longer than the rest, are all constructed in Greeks, but was defeated: she herself fell by
such a manner that the words which form the first the hand of Achilles, who mourned over the
penthemimer of the Hexameter recur as the second dying queen on account of her beauty, youth, and
penthemimer of the pentameter, thus;- valour. (Dict. Cret. iv. 2; Schol, ad Horn. II. ii.
Res eadem assidue momento volvitur horae 219; Paus. v. 11. ~ 2, x. 31; Quint. Smyrn. i. 40,
Atque redit dispar res eadem, assidue: &c.) She was frequently represented by ancient
artists, and among others by Polygnotus, in the
and Lesche at Delphi. (Paus. x. 31.) When Achilles
Vindice facta manu Progne pia dicta sorori slew Penthesileia he is said to have also killed
Impia sed nato vindace facta mans Thersites because he treated her body with contempt, and reproached Achilles for his love toOn this species of trifling critics have bestowed the wards her. (Schol. ad Horn. 1. c., ad Soph. Philoct.
name of Ophites or Carmen Serpentinumr, because, 445.) Diomedes, a relative of Thersites, is said
like the ancient symbol of the snake with its tail then to have thrown the body of Penthesileia into
in its mouth, the beginning and the end mcet after the river Scamander, whereas, according to others,