A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

182 PELOPS. PENATES.
dameia slew him, because her own sons refused to De Libris Propriis, c. 2, and De Ord. Libror. snore
do it. (Plut. Parall. Min. 33.) According to the vol. xix. pp. 16, 17, 57.) He wrote a work encommon tradition, however, Pelops, who suspected titled'17rrorKpa'ecLa Elaaycoyat, Introductiones Hiphis sons of the murder, expelled them from the pocraticae, consisting of at least three books (Galen,
country, and they dispersed all over Peloponnesus. De Muscul. Dissect. init. vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 926),
(Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 5; Paus. v. 8. ~ 1.) Hip- in the second of which he maintained that the
podameia, dreading the anger of her husband, fled brain was the origin not only of the nerves, but also
to Midea in Argolis, from whence her remains were of the veins and arteries, though in another of his
afterwards conveyed by Pelops, at the command of works he considered the veins to arise from the
an oracle, to Olympia. (Paus. vi. 20. ~ 4.) Some liver, like most of the ancient anatomists (Galen,
state that Hippodameia made away with herself. De Hippocr. et Plat. Deer. vi. 3, 5. vol. v. pp. 527,
(Hygin. Fab. 85, 243.) She had a sanctuary at 544). He is several times mentioned in other
Olympia in the grove Altis, to which women alone parts of Galen's writings, and is said by the author
had access, and in the race course at Olympia there of the spurious commentary on the Aphorisms of
was a bronze statue of her. (Paus. vi. 20. ~ 10.) Hippocrates, that goes under the name of Oribasius
4. The remains of Pelops. While the Greeks (p. 8. ed. Basil. 1535), to have translated the
were engaged in the siege of Troy, they were in- Aphorisms into Latin, word for word. He is
formed by an oracle, that the city could not be quoted also by Paulus Aegineta (iii. 20, p. 430),
taken, unless one of the bones of Pelops were with reference to the treatment of tetanus.
brought from Elis to Troas. The shoulder bone 2. The medical writer quoted by Pliny (H. N.
accordingly was fetched from Letrina or Pisa, but xxxii. 16), must be a different person, who lived
was lost together with the ship in which it was about a century earlier than Galen's tutor, though
carried, off the coast of Euboea. Many years Fabricius, by an oversight, speaks of him as the
afterwards it was dragged up from the bottom of same person (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 360, ed vet.):
the sea by a fisherman, Demarmenus of Eretria, and this is probably the physician quoted by Asclewho concealed it in the sand, and then consulted piades Pharmacion (ap. Galen, De Antid. ii. 11,
the Delphic oracle about it. At Delphi he met vol. xiv. p. 172). [W. A. G.]
ambassadors of the Eleians, who had come to con- PELOR (lIxAop), one of the Spartae or men
sult the oracle respecting a plague, which was that grew forth from the dragons' teeth which
raging in their country. The Pythia requested Cadmus sowed at Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 4. ~ 1;
Demarmenus to give the shoulder bone of Pelops Paus. ix. 5. ~1; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 670
to the Eleians. This was done accordingly, and comp. CADM US.) [L. S.]
the Eleians appointed Demarmenus to guard the PENA/TES, the household gods of the Romans,
venerable relic. (Paus. v. 13. ~ 3; Tzetz. ad Lyce. both in regard to a private family and to the state,
52, 54.) According to some the Palladium was as the great family of citizens: hence we shall
made of the bones of Pelops. (Clem. Alex. ad Gent. have to distinguish between private and public
p. 30, d; comp. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 4.) Pelops Penates. The name is unquestionably connected
was honoured at Olympia above all other heroes. with penus, they being the gods who were wor(Paus. v. 13. ~ 1.) His tomb with an iron sar- shipped, and whose images were kept in the
cophagus existed on the banks of the Alpheius, not central part of the house, or the penetralia, and
far from the temple of Artemis near Pisa; and who thus protected the whole household. (Isidor.
every year the ephebi there scourged themselves, Orig. viii. 11; Fest. s. vv. Penetralia, Penus.) The
shedding their blood as a funeral sacrifice to the Greeks, when speaking of the Roman Penates,
hero. (Schol. ad Pind. 01. i. 146.) The spot on called them aeol7rasparp.oL,'yyedto'Al, IKCr XOIm, pUXL,
which his sanctuary (Eeom'7rmov) stood in the grove e'pcto. (Dionys. i. 67.) The Lares therefore were
Altis, was said to have been dedicated by He- included among the Penates; both names, in fact,
racles, who also offered to him the first sacrifices. are often used synonymously (Schol. ad Horat.
(Paus. 1. c.; v. 26, in fin.; Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 2.) Epod. ii. 43; Plaut. Mearc. v. 1. 5; Aztlul. ii. 8.
The magistrates of the Eleians likewise offered to 16; Plin. H. N. xxviii. 20), and the figures of two
him there an annual sacrifice, consisting of a black youths whom Dionysius (i. 68) saw in the temple
ram, with special ceremonies. (Paus. v. 13. ~ 2.) of the Penates, were no doubt the same as the
His chariot was shown in the temple of Demeter Lares praestites, that is, the twin founders of the
at Phlius, and his sword in the treasury of the city of Rome. The Lares, however, though they
Sicyonians at Olympia. (Paus. ii. 14. ~ 3, vi. 19. may be regarded as identical with the Penates,
~ 3.) were yet not the only Penates, for each family had
2. Of Opus, one of the suitors of Hippodameia usually no more than one Lar, whereas the Penates
who was unsuccessful, and was killed. (Schol. ad are always spoken of in the plural. (Plaut. Merc.
Pind. 01. i. 127.) v. 1. 5.) Now considering that Jupiter and Juno
3. A son of Agamemnon by Cassandra. (Paus. were regarded as the protectors and the promoters
ii. 16. ~ 5.) [L. S.] of happiness, peace, and concord in the family, and
PELOPS (IfelXo*), a physician of Smyrna, in that Jupiter is not only called a dens penetralis
Lydia, in the second century after Christ, cele- (Fest. s. v. Herceus), but that sacrifices were ofbrated for his anatomical knowledge. He was a fered to him on the hearth along with the Lares,
pupil of Numisianus (Galen, Comment. in Hippocr. there can be little doubt but that Jupiter and
"De Nat. HIom." ii. 6. vol. xv. p. 136), and me of Juno too were worshipped as Penates. Vesta also
Galen's earliest tutors, who went to Smyrna, and is reckoned among the Penates (Serv. ad Aen. ii.
resided in his house for some time, on purpose to 297; Macrob. Sat. iii. 4; Ov. Aleat. xv. 864), for
attend his lectures and those of the Platonic phi- each hearth, being the symbol of domestic union,
losopher Albinus, about A. D. 150. (De Anat. had its Vesta. All other Penates, both public and
Admin. i. 1, vol. ii. p. 217, De Atra Bile, c. 3, vol. private, seem to have consisted of certain sacred
v.p. 112, De Locis Affect. iii. 11, vol. viii. p. 194, relics connected with indefinite divinities, and