A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

174 PEISISTRATUS. PEITHAGORAS.
The Spartans before long discovered the trick Peloponnesian war, who became the object of the
that had been played upon them by the Alc- hatred of the oligarchical party, and was murdered
maeonidae and the Delphic oracle; and their in an assembly of the senate. To avoid detection
jealousy of the Athenians being stimulated by the his body was cut to pieces, and the parts of it
oracles, collected by Hipparchus, which Cleomenes carried away by the senators under their robes.
found in the Acropolis, in which manifold evils Tlesimachus, the son of Peisistratus, who was privy
were portended to them from the Athenians, they to the conspiracy, quieted the populace, who were
began to repent of having driven out their old incensed at the disappearance of their king, by a
friends the Peisistratidae, and accordingly sent for story of his having appeared to him in a superHippias, who came to Sparta. Having summoned human form after he had left the earth. (Plut.
a congress of their allies, they laid the matter Parall. vol. ii. p. 313, b.)
before them, and proposed that they should unite 3. A Boeotian statesman, who took the side of
their forces and restore Hippias. But the vehe- the Romans in the war between them and Philip,
ment remonstrances of the Corinthian deputy king of Macedonia. In conjunction with ZeuxSosicles induced the allies to reject the proposal. ippus, he was instrumental in inducing the BoeoHippias, declining the offers that were made him tians to attach themselves to Flamiiiinus. After
of the town of Anthemus by Amyntas, and of the battle of Cynoscephalae, when the faction of
Iolcos by the Thessalians, returned to Sigeum Brachyllas gained the upper hand, Peisistratus and
(IHerod. v. 90-94), and addressed himself to Zeuxippus had Brachyllas assassinated, a crime
Artaphernes. (Respecting the embassy of the for which Peisistratus was condemned to death
Athenians to counteract his intrigues, see ARTA- (Liv. xxxiii. 27, 28; Polybius, Lecat. viii).
PHERNES.) He appears then with his family to 4. A native of Cyzicus. In the war between
have gone to the court of Dareius (Herod. 1. c.): the Romans and Mithridates, when Cyzicus was
while here they urged Dareius to inflict vengeance besieged by Mithridates (B. C. 74), Peisistratus was
on Athens and Eretria, and Hippias himself ac- general of the Cyzicenes, and successfully defended
companied the expedition sent under Datis and the city against Mithridates (Appian, de Bello
Artaphernes. From Eretria he led them to the Mith. 73). [C. P. M.]
plain of Marathon, as the most suitable for their PEISON (Ilelowv), one of the thirty tyrants
landing, and arranged the troops when they had established at Athens in B. C. 404. He was one
disembarked. While he was thus engaged, we of the authors of the proposal that, as several of the
atre told, he happened to sneeze and cough resident foreigners were discontented with the new
violently, and, most of his teeth being loose from government, and thus afforded a specious pretext
his great age, one of them fell out, and was lost in for plundering them, each of the Thiity should
the sand; an incident from which Hippias augured select for himself one of the wealthy aliens,
that the expedition would miscarry, and that the and, having put him to death, should appropriate
hopes which he had been led by a dream to enter- his property. The proposal was adopted in spite
tain of being restored to his native land before his of the opposition of Theramenes, and Peison went
death were buried with his tooth (Herod. vi. 102, with Melobius and Mnesitheides to apprehend
107). Where and when he died cannot be ascer- Lysias and his brother Polemarchus. Lysias,
tained with certainty. According to Suidas (s. v. being left alone with Peison, bribed him with the'Ir7rwias) he died at Lemnos on his return. Accord- offer of a talent to allow him to escape; but Peison,
ing to Cicero (ad Att. ix. 10) and Justin (ii. 9) after the most solemn oaths, seized all the money
he fell in the battle of Marathon; though from his lihe could lay his hands upon, refusing to leave
advanced age it seems rather unlikely that he Lysias even as much as would serve for the exshould have been engaged in the battle. The penses of his journey, and then delivered him
family of the tyrant are once more mentioned up to Melobius and Mnesitheides. (Xen. HIell.
(Herod. vii. 6) as at the court of Persia, urging ii. 3. ~~ 2, 21, &c.; Lysias, c. Eratosth. pp. 120,
Xerxes to invade Greece. 121.) [E. E.]
Hippias was in his youth the object of the PEITHA'GORAS,or PEITHAIGORES (HIeaffection of a man named Charmus (who had pre- Oayopas, 1IEitaye'pies). 1. A tyrant of Selinus in
viously stood in a similar relation to Peisistratus; Sicily, from whom the Selinuntians freed themPlut. Solon. 1), and subsequently married his selves (B. C. 519) by the help of Euryleon of
daughter (Athen. xiv. p. 609, d). His first Sparta (Herod. v.46; Plut. Lyc. 20). [DORIEUS;
wife was Myrrhine, the daughter of Callias, by EURYLEON.]
whom he had five children (Thucyd. vi. 55). One 2. A soothsayer, brother of Apollodorus of Amof his sons, named Peisistratus, was Archon phipolis, who was one of the generals of Alexander
Eponymus during the tyranny of his father. Of the Great. According to Aristobulus (ap. Arr.
Archedice, daughter of Hippias, mention has already Anab. vii. 18), Apollodorus, having joined the king
been made. According to Thucydides (I. c.) on his return from his Indian expedition and acHippias was the only one of the legitimate sons of companied him to Ecbatana, imagined that he had
Peisistratus who had children. grounds for dreading his displeasure, and wrote
What became of Thessalus we do not know. therefore to Peithagoras at Babylon, to inquire
He is spoken of as a high-spirited youth (Heraclid. whether any danger threatened him from AlexanPont. 1), and there is a story in Diodorus (Fragm. der or Hephaestion. The answer was that lie had
lib. x. Olymp. lxvi.) that he refused to have any nothing to fear from IIephaestion, who (so the vicshare in the tyranny of his brothers, and was held tims portended) would soon be removed out of his
in great esteem by the citizens. [C. P. M.] way. The next day Hephaestion's death took,
PEISI'STRATUS. 1. A Lacedaemonian, who place (B.C. 324,) and not long after Apollodorus refounded Noricus, in Phrygia (Eustath. ad Dionys. ceived the same message from Peithagoras with
321). respect to Alexander. Here again the event justi2. A king of Orchomenus, in the time of the fied the prediction (Plut. Alex. 73). [E. E.]