A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAUSON. PEDARITUS. 163
and disciple of Pausias, and Mechopanes, another Aristotle and Lucian the name is frequently writof his disciples. [P. S.] ten frald'c& and IaIooC. [P. S.]
PAUSIRAS (Ilavuipae), or PAUSIRIS (Ilav- PAX, the personification of peace, was woroipes). 1. Son of Amyrtaeus, the rebel satrap of shipped at Rome, where a festival was celebrated
Egypt. [AMYRTAEUS.] Notwithstanding his fa- in her honour and that of Salus, on the 30th of
ther's revolt, he was appointed by the Persian April. (Ov. Fast. i. 711; Juv. i. 115; Plin.
king to tne satrapy of Egypt. (Herod. iii. 15.) H. N. xxxvi. 5; Gell. xvi. 8.) [L. S.]
2. One of the leaders of the Egyptians in their PAXAEA, the wife of Pomponius Labeo.
revolt against Ptolemy Epiphanes. -The rebel chiefs [LABEO, POMPONIUS.]
ilad made themselves masters of Lycopolis, but PA'XAMUS (I1daaos), a writer on various
were unable to hold out against Polycrates, the subjects. Suidas (s. v.) mentions that he wrote a
general of Ptolemy, and they surrendered them- work called BowTrcKa, in two books; also two
selves to the mercy of the king, who caused them books on the art of dyeing (3a(rpd), two on husall to be put to death, B. c. 184. (Polyb. xxiii. 16.) bandry, and a work entitled o8eKd'creXvov, which
Concerning the circumstances and period of this Suidas explains (according to the emendation of
revolt, see Letronne (Comm. sur I'Inscription de Kuster, who gives Eor71 for the old reading &'l), to
Rosette, p. 23. Paris, 1841). [E. H. B.] be an erotic work, erepl alo'Xprov o-Xrn7ce,'v. Some
PAUSI'STRATUS (luav[oilparos), a Rho- fragments from the treatise on husbandry are predian, who was appointed to command the forces of served in the Geoponica. Paxamus also wrote a
that republic in B. c. 197; he landed in the dis- culinary work, entitled d4apTVTuK ac, which, Suidas
trict of Asia Minor called Peraea with a colsi- states, was arranged in alphabetical order. To this
derable army, defeated the Macedonian general work an allusion is probably made by Athenaeus
Deinocrates, and reduced the whole of Peraea, but (ix. p. 376, d). [W. M. G.]
failed in taking Stratoniceia. (Liv. xxxiii. 18). PAZALIAS, an engraver on precious stones,
During the war with Antiochus he was appointed whose time is unknown. There is a gem of his,
to command the Rhodian fleet (B. C. 191), but representing a female bacchanal, riding on a cenjoined the Romans too late to take part in the taur, which she governs with a thyrsus. (Spilsbury
victory over Polyxenidas. (Id. xxxvi. 45.) The fol- Gems, No. 26.) [P. S.1
lowing spring (B.n. 190) he put to sea early with PEDAINIUS. 1. T. PEDANIUS, the first
a fleet of thirty-six ships, but suffered himself to centurion of the principes, was distinguished for
be deceived by Polyxenidas, who pretended to his bravery in the second Punic war, B. c. 212.
enter into negotiations with him, and having thus (Liv. xxv. 14; Val. Max. iii. 2. ~ 20.)
lulled him into security suddenly attacked and 2. PEDANIUS, one, of the legates of Augustus,
totally defeated him. Almost all his ships were who presided in the court, when Herod accused
taken or sunk, and Pausistratus himself slain his own sons. (Joseph. B. J. i. 27. ~ 3.)
while vainly attempting to force his way through 3. PEDANIUS SECUNDUS, praefectus urbi in the
the enemy's fleet. (Liv. xxxvii. 9, 10-11; Ap- reign of Nero, was killed by one of his own slaves.
pian. Syr. 23, 24; Polyb. xxi. 5; Polyaen. v. 27.) (Tac. Ann. xiv. 42.)
Appian calls him Pausimachus. [E. H. B.] 4. PEDANIUS COSTA, known only from coins,
PAUSON (Iauv'awv), a Greek painter, of whom from which we learn that he was legatus to BrutLs
very little is known, but who is of some importance in the civil wars.
on account of the manner in which he is mentioned by Aristotle in the following passage (Poet.
2. ~ 2),`OTrEfp o0 ypacEps, fhoUSym'- o /T Yev i9E
ipeIrTroUs, rIauvwmV o Xeipovs, Aoromv'eos tE toLo0VS
e'cKa'ev, which undoubtedly means that while, in
painting men, Dionysius represented them just as 6
they are, neither more nor less beautiful than the,p -~s
average of human kind, Polygnotus on the one srn
hand invested them with an expression of ideal
excellence, while Pauson delighted in imitating COIN OF PEDANIUS COSTA.
what was defective or repulsive, and was in fact a
painter of caricatures. In another passage, Aris- 5. PEDANIUS COSTA, was passed over by Viteltotle says that the young ought not to look upon lius in his disposal of the consulship in A. D. 69,
the pictures of Pauson, but those of Polygnotus because Pedanius had been an enemy of Nero.
and of any other artist who is ]01KcbOs. (Polit. viii. 5. (Tac. Hist. ii. 71.)
~ 7.) 6. PEDANIUS, a Roman horse-soldier, whose
From these allusions it may safely be inferred bravery at the capture of Jerusalem by Titus, is
that Pauson lived somewhat earlier than the time recorded by Josephus (B. J. vi. 2. ~ 8).
of Aristotle. A more exact determination of his PEDA'RITUSorPAEDA'RETUS(rIeadppros,
date is gained from two allusions in Aristophanes IlIaUdpeTros), a Lacedaemonian, the son of Leon,
to a certain Pauson, if this person is, as the Scho- was sent out to serve in conjunction with Astyoliasts and Suidas supposed, the same as the painter chus, and after the capture of Iasus was appointed
(Aristoph. Acharn. 854; Plut. 602; Schol. 11. cc.; to station himself at Chios, late in the summer of
Suid. s...rlav'o-ros 7rT'WXoTXepos); but this is aB.c. 412. (Thuc. viii. 28.) Having marched by
very doubtful, and the passages seem rather to refer land from Miletus, he reached Erythrae, and then
to some wretched parasite or mendicant. (Comp. crossed over to Chios just at the time when appliSuid. s. v.'AotcXcArletov,b'ip1caKoe.) A curious cation was made by the Lesbians to Astvochus for
anecdote is told of Pauson by Plutarch (de Pyth. aid in a revolution" which they meditated. But,
Orac. 5, p. 396, d), Aelian ( V. H. xiv. 15), and through the reluctance of the Chians, and the reLucian (Deneosth/. Eecom. 24). In the MSS. of fusal of Pedaritus, Astyochllus was compelled to
w1 2