A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAUSANIAS. PAUSANTAS. 1 5 7.Fragnlenta Faticana, ~ 247, from the Lib. I. Edi- ship of his cousin Pleistarchus, the son of Leonidals,
lionis secundae de Jurisdzetione singulari. for whom lie exercised the functions of royalty
The enumeration of the works of Paulus is not from a. c. 479 to the period of his death (Thuc. i.
made merely for the sake of completeness. To 94, 132; Herod. ix. 10). In B.C. 479, when the
those who are conversant with the matter of juris- Athenians called upon the Lacedaemonians for aid
prudence it shows his wonderful fertility and the against the Persians, the Spartans, after some delay
great variety of subjects on which he was employed. (on the motives for which Bishop Thirlwall, Hlist.
Cujacius has devoted to the Libri ad Edicturn and of Gr-eece5 vol. ii. p. 327, &c., has thrown consithe Quaestiones of Paulus the whole of the fifth vo- derable light), sent a body of five thousand Sparlume of his works (ed. Neap. 1758), except a few tans, each attended by seven Helots, under the
pages, which are upon the Di,/erentiae of Modes- command of Pausanias. From Herodotus (ix. 53)
tinus. The sixth volume of the same edition con- it appears that Euryanax, the son of Dorieus, was
tains the Recitaliones Solemnnes of Cujacius (A. D. associated with him as commander. At the Isth1588) on the Responsa of Paulus. The first nlus Pausanias was joined by the other Peloponvolume of Cujacius contains the Interpretationes in nesian allies, and at Eleusis by the Athenians,
Julii Pauli Receptarum Sententiarunz Libros quin- and forthwith took the command of the combined
que. The industry of Paulus must have been un- forces (Thuc. i. 130,; I-erod. viii. 3; Paus. iii. 14.
remitting, and the extent of his legal learning is ~ 1; the words?yeptovL'a and sj:e0-aOae imply this),
proved by the variety of his labours. Perhaps no the other Greek generals forming a sort of council
legal writer, ancient or modern, has handled so of war (HIerod. ix. 50). The allied forces then
many subjects, if we except his great commentator. crossed Cithaeron, and at Erythrae Pausanias halted
(Grotius, Vitae Jurisconsultoreus; Cujacius, Op. and formed his line on the skirts of the mountain,
ed. Neapol. 1758; Zimmern, Gesclhicte des Riimbis- his forces amounting to nearlv 110,000 men. Here
crsen Privatrechts, 367, &c.; Panlus, Receptae See- they were assailed by the Persian cavalry under
tentiae cure Interpretatione Fisigot/0orunm), ed. L. Masistius, who were repulsed after the Athenians
Arndts, Bonn, 1833.) [G. L] had reinforced the Megareans, who were being
PAULUS, PASSIE'NUS, a contemporary and hard pressed [OvLYMPIODORUS], and Masistius had
friend of the younger Pliny, was a distinguished fallen. For the purpose of being better supplied
Roman eques, and was celebrated for his elegiac and with water, Pausanias now descended into the
lyric poems. He belonged to the same municipium territory of Plataeae, and posted his army on
(Mevania in Umbria) as Propertius, whom he the banks of a small stream, which Herodotus
numbered among his ancestors. Pliny bestows the calls the Asopus, and which vwas prtobably one
most unbounded praises upon the character, life, of its tributaries. IMardonius drew up his forces
and poems of Passienus. An anecdote which on the opposite bank of the stream. After a
Pliny relates respecting the jurist Javolenus Priscus delay of ten days, during which the armies were
and Passienus Paulus has given rise to much dis- kept inactive by the unfavourable reports of the
cussion, of which some account will be found under soothsayers, -Mardonius resolved to attack the
JAVOLENUS. (Plin. Ep. vi. 15, vii. 6, ix. 22.) Greeks. Inforimation of his intention was conPAULUS, SE'RGIUS. 1. SERGIus PAULUS, veyed by iight to the Greeks by Alexander of
proconsul (rchMvrraros) of Cyprus, whom the Apostle Mllacedon. Accordingly, the next day the Persian
Paul converted to Christianity (Acts, xiii. 7). He cavalry made a vigorcus attack upon the Greeks,
is not mentioned by any other writer; but he may and gained possession of the Gargaphian spring, on
have been the father of the Sergius next mentioned. which the Greeks depended for their supply of
2. L. SERGIUS PAULUS, one of the consuls wvater; and as there seemed no likelihood of a
suffecti in A. D. 94 (Fasti). general engagement that day, Pausanias, with the
3. L. SERGIUS PAULUS, consul A. D. 168 with concurrence of the allied generals, resolved to reL. Venuleius Apronianus, in the reign of M. Au- move nearer to Plataeae. This was done in the
relius (iesti). course of the ensuing night. On the following day
PAULUS, L. VE'TTIUS, consul suffectus the great battle of Platnece took place. The
A. D. 81 with T. Junius Montanus (lFasli). Persian forces were speedily routed and their
PAVOR, that is, Fear or Terror, was, together camp stormed, where a terrible carnage ensued.
with Pallor or Paleness, a companion of Mars The Spartans were judged to have fought most
among the Romans. Their worship was believed bravely in the battle, and among them, according
to have been instituted by Tullus Hostilius during to Diodorus (xi. 33), Pausanias was selected as
a plague, or at a critical moment in a battle. Their having acquitted himself most valiantly. But Heworship was attended to by Salii, called Pallorii rodotus makes no mention of his name in this conand Pavorii. (Liv. i. 27; Aug. De Civ. Dei, iv. nection. An Aeginetanl urged Pausaniias to revenge
15, 23; Stat. TAlel. iii. 425; Val. Flacc. iii. 89; the mutilation of Leonidas, by impaling the corpse
Claudian. in Rzifin. i. 344.) [L. S.] of Mardonius; an advice which Pausanias rejected
PAUSA'NIAS, historical. 1. A Spartan of with abhorrence. Pausanias gave directions that
the Agid branch of the royal family, the son of all the spoil should be left to be collected by the
Cleombrotus and nephew of Leonidas (Thuc. i. 94; Helots. Ten samples of all that was most valuable
Herod. ix. 10). His mother's name was Alcathea in this booty were presented to Pausanias. Heroor Alcithea (Schol. ad Tshuc. i. 134; Schol. ad dotus has preserved a story, that, to exhibit the
Aristop/s. Equi/. 1. 841; Suidas calls her'Ayx:OEa; contrast between their modes of living, Pausanias
Polyaen. viii. 51, Theano). Severalwriters (Arist. ordered the Persian slaves to prepare a banquet
JPoit. v. 1. ~ 5, vii. 13. ~ 13; Plut. Consol. ad similar to what they commonly prepared for MarApollon. p. 1 82; Dem. in Necaer. ~ 97, p. 1 378, donius, and then directed his Helots to place by
ed. Reiske; Suidas, s. v. Ilaveravlas, &c.) ilncor- the side of it a Laconian dinner; and, laughing,
rectlv call him king (Paus. iii. 4. ~ 9); he only bade the Greek generals observe the folly of the
succeeded his father Cleombrotus in the guardian- leader of the`ledes, who, while able to live in such