A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAULUS. PAULUS. 155
king of Macedonia; but as the Roman commanders out at the funeral games exhibited in honour of
had hitherto failed to bring the contest to a con- Aemilius Paulus.
clusion, the people demanded a general of greater Aemilius Paulus was married twice. By his
experience and abilities, and unanimously pressed first wife, Papiria, the daughter of C. Papirius
Paulus to undertake the conduct of the war. At Maso, consul B. c. 231, he had four children, who
first he was not disposed to comply with their are given in the preceding stenimsa. He afterrequest, as he was upwards of sixty, and still wards divorced Papiria; and by his second wife,
remembered with bitterness their former rejection whose name is not mentioned, he had two sons,
of him at the consular comitia. But he yielded at whose death has been mentioned above, and a
length to the general solicitation, and was accord- daughter, who was a child at the time that her
ingly elected consul a second time, B. c. 168, with father was elected to his second consulship. [AEC. Licinius Crassus. Age had not in the least MILIA, No. 3.] (Plutarch, Life of Aemilius Pauimpaired his vigour or his faculties. He arrived lus; Liv. xxxiv. 45, xxxv. 10, 24, xxxvi. 2, xxxvii.
at Macedonia early in the summer of this year, 46, 57, xxxix. 56, xl. 25-28, 34, xliv. 17-xlv.
and on the 22nd of June completely defeated the 41, Epit. 46; Polyb. xxix.-xxxii.; Aur. Vict.
Macedonian monarch near Pydna. This battle de- de Vir. Ill. 56; Val. Max. v. 10. ~ 2; Vell. Pat.
cided the war, and Perseus shortly afterwards i. 9, 10; Orelli, Onomn. Tull. vol. ii. p. 16).
surrendered himself and was brought to Paulus, PAULUS, AVIDIE'NUS, a rhetorician menvho treated him with great kindness and courtesy. tioned by the elder Seneca (Controv. 17).
A detailed account of this campaign is given under PAULUS CATE'NA, one of the ministers of
PERsEus. Paulus remained in Macedonia during the tyranny of the court under the emperor
the greater part of the following year as proconsul, Constantius II. He was a native either of Hisand in the course of B. C. 167 he made a journey pania or Dacia (comp. Amm. Marc. xiv. 5, xv.
through Greece, in which he redressed many griev- 3), and held the office of notary. Ammianus deances of which the states complained, and made scribes him as a "smooth-faced" sycophant, who
them various presents from the royal treasury. being sent into Britain, after the overthrow of MagOn his return to Macedonia he held a court at nentius, treated the officers of the province with
Amphipolis, where he arranged the affairs of Ma- great cruelty, and enriched himself with their spoils.
cedonia, in conjunction with ten Roman commis- His cruelty provoked Martinus, pro-praefect of the
sioners, whom the senate had despatched for the province, whom he had accused and thrown into
purpose, and passed sentence upon the various fetters, to attempt his life; but the blow did not
parties that had espoused the cause of Perseus. take effect. Paulus acquired his cognomen Catena,
He concluded the business by the celebration of " the fetter," from the skill with which he wound
most splendid games, for which preparations had the chains of falsehood and calumny round his
been making a long time previously. But before victims. After the death of Constantins, A. D. 36 1,
leaving Greece, Paulus marched into Epeirus, Paul and some other of the ministers of his cruelty
where, in accordance with a cruel command of the were burnt alive by order of Julian the Apostate.
senate, he gave to his soldiers seventy towns to be (Amm. Marc. 11. cc. and xxii. 3.) [J. C. M.]
pillaged, because they had been in alliance with PAULUS, JU'LIUS, the brother of Claudius
Perseus. He then straightway proceeded to Ori- Civilis, who was the leader of the Batavi in their
cuMn, where he embarked his troops, and crossed revolt from Rome, A. D. 69-70. On a false
over to Italy. charge of treason Julius Paulus had been preAemilius Paulus arrived in Italy towards the viously put to death by Nero's legate, Fonteius
close of B. C. 167. The booty which he brought Capito, in A. D. 67 or 68. (Tac. liust. iv. 13, 32.)
with him from Macedonia, and which he paid into [CoIVLIS.]
the Roman treasury, was of enormous value; but PAULUS, JU'LIUS, one of the most distinthe soldiers were indignant that they had obtained guished of the Roman jurists, has been supposed,
so small a share in the plunder; and it was there- without any good reason, to be of Greek origin,
fore not without considerable opposition that he and from a Phoenician town. Others conjecture
obtained his triumph. This triumph, which was that he was a native of Patavium (Padua), because
celebrated at the end of November, B. c. 167, was there is a statue there, with an inscription, Paulus
the most splendid that Rome had yet seen; it but the statue and inscription may refer to another
lasted three days, and is described at length by Paulus (Gellius, v. 4, xix. 7). Paulus was in the
Plutarch. Before the triumphal car of Aemilius auditorium of Papinian (Dig. 29. tit. 2. s. 97; 49.
walked the captive Ionarch of Macedonia and his tit. 14. s..50), and consequently was acting as a
children, and behind it were his two illustrious jurist in the jo'nt reigns of Septimius Severus and
sons, Q. Fabius Maximus and P. Scipio Africanus Antoninus Caracalla, and also during the reign of
the younger, both of whom had been adopted into Caracalla. Paulus was exiled by Elagabalus, but
other families. But the glory of the conqueror lie was recalled by Alexander Severuts when he
was clouded by family misfortune. At this very became emperor, and was made a member of his
time he lost his two younger sons; one, twelve years consilium (Aurel. Vict. De Caes. xxiv.; Lamprid.
of age, died only five days before his triumph, and Alex. 25). Paulus also held the office of praethe other, fourteen years of age, three days only fectus praetorio: he survived his contemporary
after his triumph. The loss was all the severer, Ulpian. In two passages of the Digest which have
since he had no other son left to carry his name been already referred to, Paulus (Libro tertio Dedown to posterity. cretorum) speaks of two cases in which he gave an
In B. c. 164 Paulus was censor with Q. Marcius opinion contrary to Papinian, but the emperor
Philippus, and died in B.C. 160, after a long and decided according to Papinian's opinion.
tedious illness. The fortune he left behind him was Paulus was perhaps the most fertile of all the
so small as scarcely to be sufficient to pay his wife's Roman law writers, and there is more excerpted
dowtry. The "Adelphi " of Terence was brought from him in the Digest than from any other juurist