A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAULUS. PAULUS. l31
appears to have presided. Eusebius expressly C(ristranus, vol. ii. col. 705; Tillemont, kllzmoires,
states that this second council was held after the vol. iv. p. 289, &c.; Semler, Hist. Jccles. Selecla
accession of Aurelian, who came to the throne in Cap. Saecul. iii. c. iv. ~ ii. 2; Neander, Caeurc/l IlisA. D. 270 [AuRELIANus], but Tillemont places it tory (by Rose), vol. ii. p. 269, &c.; Priestley, Jlist.
in A. D. 269 (see Vales. Annot. in Euseb. H. E. vii. of tIhe Chlristian Church, vol. i. p. 396, &c.)
29). Whether a council was held between the 18. SILENTIARIUS (:lAeEVrrdapos). Vossius (De
two of which Eusebius speaks is not clear; some Historicis Graecis, iv. 20) and some other writers
expressions of Rufinus, and the circumstance that incorrectly call him Paulus Cyrus Florus. Agathias,
Firmilian visited Antioch twice on this affair from whom what little we know of his personal
(Epist. XSyrnod. Cp2d E, useb. vii. 30), lead Tillemont history is derived, calls him (Hist. v. 9, p. 153, ed.
to conclude positively that three councils were held, Paris, p. 106, ed. Venice, p. 296, ed. Bonm),
but we think the proof insufficient. At the last rlavAos KripoZt TOO bAcipou or rTo Kz'pov ov,Ahwcouncil Paul attempted to conceal his opinions, but pov, which may be interpreted " Paul, the son of
they were detected by the skill of the presbyter Cyrus Florus," or more probably, " Paul, the son
Malchion, who was, or had been, the master of one of Cyrus, the son of Florus." It is supposed by
of the schools of secularliterature at Antioch. The Ducange that Cyrus, the father of Paul, was the
decision of the council appears to have been unani- a7ros rrarwv, " consul codicillaris," who wrote
mous: Paul was deposed, and Domnus, the son of several of the Epigranmmarta in the Antloloygi
Demetrianus, one of the former bishops of Antioch, Graeca (vol, ii. p. 454, ed. Brunck, vol. iii. p. 159,
was appointed in his room. Paul appears to have ed. Jacobs). But if Jacobs is right in identifying
denied the jurisdiction or disputed the sentence of the Cyrus of the Ant/zologia with the Cyrus of
the council; and, probably encouraged by the pa- Panopolis, in Egypt, whose poetical talents are
tronage of Zenobia, refused to give up possession of celebrated by Evagrius and Suidas [CYRus, Christhe church. The council, therefore, found it needful tians, No. 1], and who lived in the time of the
to address a letter to the universal Christian world, emperors Theodosius II. and Leo I., he can hardly
informing them of their proceedings, and inviting have been the father of Paulus, who belongs to the
them to recognise Domnus; adding, with a sneer time of Justinian I. Ducange seems disposed to
little becoming their dignity, "that Paul might, if he identify Florus, the grandfather of Paulus, with
chose, write to Artemas (or Artemon), and that the Florls, drroi vurda'TcV, "consul codicillaris," menfollowers of Artemon might hold communion with tioned in several of the NVovelae, and in the Codex
Paul." It is from this synodal letter, of which of Justinian; but Fabricius thinks this Florus is
Eusebius has preserved (YL E~. vii. 30) a consider- of too late a date to be the grandfather of Paul.
able part, that our chief knowledge of Paul's cha- That the ancestors of Paul were illustrious, and tllat
racter is derived. A letter of the council to Paul, he inherited great wealth, are facts mentioned by
before his deposition, is given in the Concilia of Agathias (ibid.), who also tells that he was chief
Labbe (vol. i. col. 844) and MIansi (vol. i. col. of the silentiarii, or secretaries of the emperor Jus1033). tinian (o's 8s,a7rpcwra TeACxV iEv so7s da4lq'or3, OaWhen the power of Zenobia was overthrown, orinAa o'yx r r'rats7s). He wrote various poems,
and the East subdued by Aurelian [AURELIAN US], of which the following are extant:-1. vEK(ppaa-ls
the council, or rather those with whom it rested to'or vaaos T?1S adlas:oolas, Descriptio Magnae Eccarry out their sentence, appealed to the emperor. clesiae s. Sanctae Sophiae. This poem, consisting
Aurelian referred the matter to the bishops of Italy, of 1029 verses, of which the first 134 are iambic,
and, upon receiving their decision against Paul, the rest hexameter, gives a clear and graphic deordered him to be expelled (Euseb. II. E. vii. 30): scriptlon of the superb structure which forms its
after which event nothing more is known of him. subject, and at the second dedication of which
A sect holding his opinions, and called from him (A. D. 562), after the restoration of the dome,
Pauliani or Paulianistae (IlavrAlvsmora), existed which had fallen in, it was recited by its author,
for a time, but they appear never to have become Agathias has attested (I. c.) the accuracy and comnimportant; and in the fifth century were either en- pleteness of the description. He says," If any one
tirely extinct, or were so few as to have escaped who happens to reside in some place distant from
notice. the city wishes to obtain a distinct notion of every
Paul does not appear to have written much. The part, as though he were there and looking at it,
ten questions or propositions extant under his name, let him read what Paul the son of Cyrus, the son of
and addressed, according to the existing title, to Florus, has composed in hexameter verse." DuDionysius of Alexandria, have been noticed. A cange adds his testimony also to the accuracy and
Greek MS. work, ascribed by some to Joannes clearness of the description, as well as to the elegance
Damascenus, contains a fragment of a work of Paul, of the versification. The poem was first published
entitled oh 7rpsrs 2aCeE:avrV hA'yot, Ad Sabianumrsr by Ducange, from a transcript belonging to SalLibri, and some fragments of his are cited in the masius, from a MS. ill the Palatine Library. DuConcilia (vol. iii. p. 338, ed. Labbe). Vincentitus cange corrected the text of the MS., supplied the
Lirinensis, in his CommronitoriZrrum, states that the smaller lacunae, and added a valuable preface and
writings of Paul abounded in quotations from the Latin version, and a Descriptio Ecclesiae S. Sophiae,
Scriptures both of the 0. T. and N. T. (Euseb. 1l. by way of commentary. With this illustrative apcc.; Athanas. I. c. and Ad Episcopos Aegypt. et paratus, the work was published in the Paris
Lybiae, c. 4, De Synodis, c. 4. ~ 43, Contra Apol- edition of the Co7ipus Historiae Byzantinae, sublinar. lib. ii. c. 3; Epiphan. Haeres. 1xv.; Augustin. joined to the IHistoria, of Cinnamus, fol. Paris, 1670
De Haeresibies, c. 44; Theodoret. Haeret. Fabul. and was reprinted in the Venetian edition of the
Conmpend. lib. ii. c. 8,11; Philastrius, Haeresis, lxv.; Corpus Historiae Byzantinae, with the works of
Suidas, s. v. rIavAos; (Concilia, vol. i. p. 843, &c. Anna Comnena and Cinnamus, fol. 1729. It was
ed. Labbe, p. 1031, &c. ed. Mansi; Cave, Hist. again published, with the text revised by Bekker,
Litt. ad ann. 260, vol. i. p. 135; Le Quien, Oriens in the Bonn edition of the Byzantine historians,
I, 4