A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAUILUS. PAULUS. 119
ifiae, given in a Latin version in the Ad Eple.iszm'n 6. PRESBYTER. [No. 14.]
C(onciliuzm varirumn Patrum Epistolae of Chris- 17. Of SAMosATA, a celebrated heresiarch of the
tianus Lupus, 4to. Louvain, 16132, Ep. 107. This third century. Of the early life of this celebrated
Paulus of Emesa is to be distinguished from a pre- man we know nothing more than that he was a
decessor of the same name, who was present at the native of Samosata, and that he neither inherited
Council of Selenceia, A. n. 359, and adhered to the any property from his parents, nor followed any
party of Acacits (Le Quien, Oriens C/iristianus, art or profession by which he could acquire wealth,
vol. ii. col. 8139, but he does not give his authority): before his exaltation to the bishopric of Antioch,
but who seems afterwards, under the emperor Jo- apparently in A. D. 260. Cave ascribes his elevavian, to have united himself with the orthodox tion to the influence of Zenobia [ZENoBIA], whose
(Socrates, ILr E. iii. 25, iv. 12; Sozomen, H. E. husband Odenathus [ODENATHUS] was all-powervi. 4, 12), and to have acted with them possibly at ful in the East. But although Athanasius states that
the synod of Antioch (,. n. 363), certainly at that Paul was in favour with Zenobia (Athanas. Historia
of Tyana (A. D. 367 or 363). Arianor. ad Alonachlos, c. 71), he does not say that
9. EPscovus. Gennadius (De VirisIlluzstribus, slhe procured his election to the bishopric, and in
c. 31) mentions " Paulus Episcopus," he does not fact the context rather intimates that she did not
say of whatt see, as having written a little book on procure or aid his elevation; and beside, it does not
repentance, De Poenitentia Libellts, in which he appear that either Odenathus or Zenobia had any
cautions the penitent against such an excess of power at Antioch till after A. D. 260. There is no
sorrow as might lead to despair. We have no reason, therefore, to doubt that the election of Paul
means of identifying this Paulus. The period oc- was free and spontaneous on the part of the church
cupied by the writers enumerated by Gennadius at Antioch; and this circumstance, combined with
includes that in which Paul of Emesa [No. 8] the silence of the ecclesiastical writers, who would
flourished; and as he was the most eminent prelate gladly have laid hold of any thing to his disadof the time of his name, he may possibly be the vantage, leads to the conclusion that his character
writer mentioned by Gennadius. before his elevation was not only free from any
10. GERMINUS. [GERMINUS.] serious blemish, but so commendable as to lead to
11..JURIsCONSULTUS. [See below.] his being raised from an originally humble condition
12. MoNACH US. [No. 19.] to the highest dignity in the church.
13. The NESTORIAN. [No. 15.] But this elevation was apparently the cause of his
14. Of PANNONIA. Gennadius (De Firis lllzs- undoing. He manifested in his subsequent conduct
tr'ibs, c. 75) calls him PAULUS PRESBYTER, and great rapacity, arrogance, and vanity. To this his
states that he knew from his own testimony (ex connection with Zenobia probably conduced,bringing
dictis ejus), that he was a Pannonian; but does him into contact with the corrupting influences of an
not say to what church he belonged. He lived Oriental court, and either awakening his ambition
probably in the fifth century-Trithemius and Cave and avarice, or bringing them out more prominently.
say ill A. D. 430,-and wrote De Vi}rginitate ser- It is true that our knowledge of him is derived
andca et conztemlu Mudi ac V/itae Istitutione Libri from the statements of his enemies; but, after
duo, addressed to a holy virgin Constantia. Hie making all reasonable abatement on this account,
took the opportunity of abusing " the heretic Jovi- enough remains to show his general character, esnian," the great opponent of monasticism [HIERO- pecially as the charges which are contained in the
NYMIus]l, as a luxurious glutton. The work is encyclical letter published by the council which
lost. In some MSS. of Gennadius, and by Hono- deposed him, the greater part of which is given
rins of Autun (De Scripetor. Eccles. ii. 74), he is by Eusebius (H. E. vii. 30), were published at the
called, not Paulus, but Petrus. (Cave, Hist. Litt. time, and therefore had they been altogether
vol. i. p. 414; Trithemius, De Sc/iptor. LEcles. c. groundless, would have been open to denial or re146; Fabricius, Biblioth. Alled. et Jnfizn. Lati/itat. futation. He obtained, while holding his bishopric,
vol. v. p. 217, ed. Mansi.) the secular office of procurator ducenarius, so called
15. The PERSIAN. Paulus, a native of Persia, from the holder of it receiving a yearly salary of
but said to have been a disciple of the heresiarch two hundred sestertia; and is said to have loved
Nestorius, and a deacon of the church of Constan- the pomp and state of this secular calling better
tinople, was one of the most ardent supporters of than the humbler and more staid deportment which
Nestorianism at the time of the outbreak of the became his ecclesiastical office; and it was probably
controversy respecting it. Ile wrote (1) a work, by the exercise, perhaps the abuse of his procuraFIlpL KPLiecos, De Judicio, and apparently (2) torship, that he amassed the immense wealth, which,
another work, pIep 70o oVeos a&yaov, De vero Bono. contrasted with his original poverty, so scandalized
A fragment of the former is quoted in the proceed- his opponents. lie was led also, by his habits of
ings of the Lateran Council, held under Pope secular grandeur and the pride they inspired, to inMartin I., A. D. 649 (Actio s. Secretarius v. apud troduce into the church a greater degree of pomp
Conecili, vol. vi. col. 320, ed. Labbe), and by the than had as yet been allowed, erecting for himself
confessor St. Maximus [MAXIMUS CONFESSOR], an episcopal tribunal (ijtela) and a lofty seat (tp&
in his Tomus Doygmcticus adveersus Heraclii Ecthesin evov vqr/Ah'), and having this seat placed in a recess,
(Opera, vol. ii. p. 91, ed. Comb6fis). An extract screened from public observation (see Valesius on
on the subject indicated by the title of the second the word rajKcproTe, not. ad Euseb. H. E. vii. 30),
work, and from which the existence of the work in imitation of the higher judges and magistrates.
itself is inferred, is among the Excerpta Miscel- XV hen abroad he assumed all the airs of greatness;
lalen, extant in MS. in the Imperial Library at being attended by a numerous retinue, and affecting
Vienna. It may be that the title is appropriate to read letters and to dictate as he went, in order
only to the' extract, and that this may be taken to inspire the spectators with an idea of the extent
from the work De Jeudicio. (Cave, Hist. Litt. ad and pressing character of his engagements. But if
annn 436, vol. i. p. 426.) he expected to make by these proceedings a favour3