A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PATROCLES. PATROCLES. 139
was first published in the Acta Sanctorum under Patrocles being unable to face that monarch in the
the 17th of March from a very ancient MS., in field, withdrew beyond the Tigris, whither Demewhich it was subjoined without a break to the trius did not think fit to follow him. (Diod. xix.
Confessio. III. Proverbia. First published by 100.) Of his subsequent operations inthat quarter
Ware. IV. Synodus S. Patricii; containing we know nothing. His name next appears as one of
thirty-one canons. V. Novem Canones S. Patricio the friends and counsellors of Seleucus in the war
adscripti. VI. Synodus Patricii, Auxilii et Isser- against Demetrius, B.c. 286 (Plut. Demetr. 47):
nini episcoporum XXXIV. Canonibus constans. and again in 280, after the death of Seleucus, we
The whole of the above canons, together with find him entrusted by Antiochus I. with the chief
three others, are contained in Spelman's Concilia, command of his army, and the conduct of the war
Decreta, ~c. in Re Ecclesiastica Orbis Britannici, in Asia. (Memnon. c. 15, ed. Orell.) We are
fol. Loend. 1639, vol. i. p. 51, &c.; also in Wilkins, also told that Patrocles held, both under Seleucus
Concilia Magnae Brittanniae et Hiberniae, fol. and Antiochus, an important government over
Lond. 1736-7, vol. i. p. 2, &c.; and in Mansi, some of the eastern provinces of the Syrian emCollectio Amplissima Concilioruom, fol. Florent. pire, including apparently those bordering on the
1761, vol. vi. p. 514, &c. Caspian Sea, and extending from thence towards
Doubtful as every one of the pieces now enu- the frontiers of India. (Strab. ii. pp. 69, 74.)
merated must be considered, they possess more During the period of his holding this position, he
claims upon our attention than the following, which seems to have been at much pains to collect accualso are ascribed to St. Patrick, but are now gene- rate geographical information, which he afterwards
rally admitted to be unquestionably spurious. published to the world; but though his authority
1. Charta s. Epistola de Antiquitate Avalonica, a is frequently cited by Strabo, who as well as
fragment of which was made known by Gerard Eratosthenes placed the utmost reliance on his acVossius in his Miscellanea sanclorumz aliquot Pa- curacy, neither the title nor exact subject of his
trum Gr. et Latt., 4to. Mogunt. 1604, under the work is ever mentioned. It seems clear, however,
title S. Patricii Legatio a Coelestino prino Papa ad that it included a general account of India, as well
Conrersionemn Hiberniae directi s. E~pistola S. Pa- as of the countries on the banks of the Oxus and
tricii Apostoli Hiberniae ex Bibl. 4Monasterii Glas- the Caspian Sea. Strabo expressly calls him the
toniae in quo ipse Abbas fuit anteqanm esset Epis- most veracious ('icr'ra bevUBdoyro) of all writers
copus Hiberniae. It was first published entire by concerning India (ii. p. 70); and it appears that
Ware. 2. De tribeus Habitaczlis s. De Gcadiis in addition to the advantages of his official situaElectorumz et Poenis D)amnatorzou Liber. Ascribed tion, he had made use of a regular description of
by some to Augustin. 3. De Abusionibus Saeculi. the eastern provinces of the empire, drawn up by
Ascribed by some to Cyprian, by others to Au- command of Alexander himself. (Ib. p. 69.) In
gustin. this work Patrocles regarded the Caspian Sea as a
The first complete edition of the tracts attributed gulf or inlet of the ocean, and maintained the posto St. Patrick is that by Sir James Ware (Jacobus sibility of sailing thither by sea from the Indian
Waraeus), 8vo. Lend. 1656. This was reprinted Ocean; a statement strangely misinterpreted by
by Galland in his Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. x. p. Pliny, who asserts (H. N. vi. 17 (21)), that Pa159-182, fol. Venet. 1774, together with some trocles had himself performed the circumnavigation.
rerharks taken from the Bollandists. See also his (Concerning the authority of Patrocles as a geoProlegg. cap. iv. The most recent and useful edi- graphical writer, see Strabo ii. pp. 68, 69, 70, 74,
tion is that of Joachimus Laurentius Villanueva, xi. pp. 508, 509, 518, xv. p. 689; Voss. de Histor.
8vo. Dublin, 1835, which contains a number of Graecis, p. 113; Ukert, Geogr. vol. i. p. 122.)
very serviceable annotations. For an account of 2. Of Antigoneia, an officer of Perseus, king of
the statements contained in the Irish records, con- Macedonia. (Liv. xlii. 58.) [E. H. B.]
stilt the essay by Mr. Petrie quoted above, which is PATRO'CLES (HIaposcArs). 1. Of Thurii, a
to be found in the 18th volume of the Transactions tragic poet, was perhaps contemporary with the
of the Royal Irish Academy. See also Schione- younger Sophocles, about the end of the fifth and
mann, Biblioth. Patruen Lat. vol. ii. ~ 40. [W. R.] the beginning of the fourth centuries B. c. (Clem.
PATRO'BIUS, surnamed Neronianus, one of Alex. Protrep. ii. 30, p. 9, Sylb.) Besides the
Nero's favourite freedmen, presided at the games mention of his Dioscuri in the above passage, and
which this emperor exhibited to Teridates at Pu- seven lines of his, preserved by Stobaeus (cxi. 3),
teoli. He was put to death by Galba on his acces- we have no information concerning him.
sion to the throne in A. D. 68, after being previously 2. A teacher of rhetoric, mentioned by Quinled in chains through the city along with the other tilian (ii. 15, 16, iii. 6, 44). [P. S.]
instruments of Nero's cruelty. On the murder of PATROCLES (nlaTpoicArs), artists. 1. A
Galba shortly afterwards, a freedman of Patrobius statuary, who is placed by Pliny (tI. N. xxxiv. 8.
purchased the head of this emperor for a hundred s. 19), with Naucydes, Deinomenes, and Canachus
aurei, and threw it away on the spot where his II., at the 95th Olympiad, B. c. 400, which exactly
master, had been put to death. (Dion Cass. lxiii. agrees with the statement of Pausanias, that he
3, lxiv. 3; Suet. Galb. 20; Tac. Hist. i. 49, ii. made some of the statues in the great group de95.) VPliny speaks (H. N. xxxv. 13. s. 47) of Pa- dicated by the Lacedaemonians at Delphi, in
trobius introducing into Italy the fine sand of the memory of the victory of Aegospotami (Paus. x. 9.
Nile for the use of the palaestra, a circumstance to ~ 4). Pliny mentions him among the artists who
which Suetonius refers in his life of Nero (c. 45). made athletas et armatos et venatores sacrificantesPATROCLES (IlaTpoKrhCs). ]. A Macedonian que (1. c. ~ 34). Pausanias mentions a son and
general in the service of Seleucus I., king of disciple of Patrocles, named Daedalus, who flouSyria -by whom he was appointed to command at rished at the very same time as his father [DAEBabyloih, soon after he had recovered possession of DALUS, No. 2]. Since Daedalus is called by
that city, B. c. 312. On the advance of Demetrius, Pausanias a Sicyonian, Sillig supposes that Patrocles