A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PARYSATIS. PASICRATES. 131
character of Dareius threw the chief power into The abstract of Ctesias himself, preserved to us by
the hands of Parysatis; whose administration was Photius, records the same events more briefly.
little else than a series of murders. It was at her 2. The youngest daughter of Ochus (Artaexpress instigation that Dareius put to death his xerxes III.), king of Persia, whom according to
two brothers Sogdianus and Arsites, as well as Ar- Arrian (Anab. vii. 4. ~ 5) Alexander the Great
tuphius and Artoxares, the chief eunuch. All the married at Susa, B. c. 325, at the same time with
family of Stateira, who was married to her son Barsina' or Stateira, the daughter of Dareius.
Artaxerxes, were in like manner sacrificed to her Arrian cites Aristobulus as his authority; but
jealousy, and she was with difficulty induced to this second marriage is not mentioned by any
spare the life of Stateira herself. (Id. ib. 48-56.) other author. [E. IH. B.]
She had been the mother of no less than thirteen PASCHASINUS, together with Lucentius,
children, of whom four only grew up to manhood. bishop of Asculum, and Bonifacius, a presbyter,
The eldest of these, Arsaces, who afterwards as- was despatched by Leo I. to represent him in the
sumed the name of Artaxerxes, was born before Council of Chalcedon, held A.D. 451. Paschasinus,
Dareius had obtained the sovereign power, and on of whose previous history and position in life we
this pretext Parysatis sought to set aside his claims know nothing, seems to have held the chief place
to the throne in favour of her second son Cyrus. among the three legates since he subscribed the
Failing in this attempt, she nevertheless interposed acts of the council in the name of the pope before
after the death of Dareius B. C. 405, to prevent the two others.
Artaxerxes from putting Cyrus to death; and An epistle of Paschasilus, De Qzuaestione ITaschali,
prevailed with the king to allow him to return to is still extant, addressed to Leo in reply to some
his satrapy in Asia Minor. (Ctes. Pees. 57; inquiries from the pontiff with regard to the calcuPlut. Art. 1-3; Xen. Anab. i. 1. ~~ 1-3.) lations for determining the festival of Easter. It
During the absence of Cyrus, she continued to will be found under its best form in the editions of
favour his projects by her influence with Ar- the works of Leo, published by Quesnel and by
taxerxes, whom she prevented from listening to the brothers Ballerini. [LEO.] (Schblnemann,
those who would have warned him of the designs Bibliotkl. Patrum Lat. vol. ii. ~ 49; BKhr, Gesof his brother; on which account she was loudly cichte der Rom. Litterat. Suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil.
blamed by the opposite party at court as the real ~ 166.) [W. R.]
author of the war that ensued. Even after the PA/SEAS. [ABANTIDAS.]
battle of Cunaxa (B.c. 401), Parysatis did not PA'SIAS, an eminent Greek painter, brother of
hesitate to display her grief for the death of her the modeller Aegineta, and disciple of Erigonus,
favourite son, by bestowing funeral honours on his who had been originally colour-grinder to the
mutilated remains, as well as by acts of kindness painter Nealces (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 11. s. 40. ~ 41).
to Clearchus, the leader of his Greek mercenaries, He belonged to the Sicyonian school, and flourished
whose life she in vain attempted to save. It was about B. C. 220. [AEGINETA; ERIGONUS; NEnot long before the weakness and vanity of Arta- ALCES.] [P. S.]
xerxes, who was ambitious of being thought to PASIUCRATES (nIaatlcpdTls), prince of Soli in
have slain his brother with his own hand, enabled Cyprus, was one of those who submitted to AlexParysatis to avenge herself upon all the real au- ander, and repaired in person to meet the conqueror
thors of the death of Cyrus, every one of whom at Tyre, in B. c. 331, on which occasion he took a
successively fell into her power, and were put to prominent part in the festivities and theatrical endeath by the most cruel tortures. Meanwhile, the tertainments then celebrated on a scale of unparaldissensions between her and Stateira, the wife of leled magnificence. (Plut. Alex. 29.) His son
Artaxerxes, had been continually increasing, until Nicocles accompanied the king throughout his camat length Parysatis found an opportunity to elude paigns in Asia. (Arr. Ind. 1 8.) He was succeeded
the vigilance of her rival, and effect her de- by Eunostus, probably before B. c. 315. (See
struction by poison. (Ctes. 59-62; Plut. Art. 4, Athen. xiii. p. 576, e.; Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i.
6, 14-17, 19.) p. 339, n.) [E. H. B.]
The feeble and indolent Artaxerxes, though PASI'CRATES (rIaalcpaj'77s), literary. 1. Of
he was apparently fully convinced of his mother's Rhodes, who wrote a lost Commentary on the Categuilt, was content to banish her to Babylon; gories of Aristotle. For the opinion that he wrote
and it was not long before he entirely forgot the second book of the Metaphysics of Aristotle, see
the past, and recalled her to his court, where EUDEMUS. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 211,
she soon recovered all her former influence. Of 501.)
this she soon availed herself to turn his sus- 2. A servant of St. George of Cappadocia, to
picions against Tissaphernes, whom she had long whom is attributed an account of his master's life,
hated as having been the first to discover the edited in Greek by Lipomann (in theActa Sanedesigns of Cyrus to his brother, and who was now toruam, vol. iii.), and in Latin by Linus (ubi supra,
put to death by Artaxerxes at her instigation, B. c. p. 117) and by Surius (vol. ii. ad 23 April).
396. (Plut. Art. 19-23; Diod. xiv. 80; Polyaen. This life, as well as the others of St. George, are
vii. 16. ~ 1.) This appears to have been the last universally admitted to be unworthy of credit.
in the long catalogue of the crimes of Parysatis; at (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 229; Vossius, de
least it is the last mention that we find of her Ilist. Graec. p. 294, ed.Westermann.) [GEORGIUS,
name. The period of her death is wholly un- No. 7, p. 248.] [W.M.G.]
known. The history of her intrigues and cruel- PASI'CRATES (IlaaLcpda~'T), a Greek phyties, the outline of which is above given, is very sician who appears to have given much attention to
filly related by Plutarch (Artaxerxes), who has the preparation of surgical apparatus, as his name
followed the authority of Ctesias, a resident at is several times mentioned by Oribasius in his
the court of Persia throughout the period in book on that subject (De Mlacin. cc. 26, 29, 31,
question, and bears every mark of authenticity. pp. 182, 183, 190, 192). ITe was the father of
K2