A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PARMENION. PARMENON. 127
The death of Parmenion, at the age of seventy (vol. ii. pp. 201-203), and one more in the
years, almost the whole of which period had been Lectiones (p. 177; Jacobs, Antlh. Graec. vol. ii.
spent in the service of the king himself or of his pp. 184-187). Reiske refers to him one of the
father, will ever remain one of the darkest stains anonymous epigrams (No. cxxi.), on the ground of
upon the character of Alexander. Nothing can be the superscription flapCuevov'os in the Vatican MS.,
less probable than that the veteran general who, on but that is the name, not of the author of the
two occasions, had been the first to warn the king epigram, but of the victor who dedicated the statue
against the real or supposed designs of his enemies to which it forms the inscription, as is clear from
(Arr. Anab. i. 25, ii. 4; Curt. iii. 6. ~ 4, vi. 10. the epigram itself (comp. Brunck, Lect. p. 265;
~ 33; Plut. Alex. 19), should have now himself Jacobs, Anihnadv. in Anth. Graec. vol. iii. pt. i.
engaged in a plot against the life of his sovereign. p. 356). The epigrams of Parmenion are characIndeed it is certain even if we admit the very terized by brevity, which he himself declares (Ep. 1 )
questionable evidence that Philotas was really that he aimed at; unfortunately, they want the
concerned in the conspiracy of Dimnus, that with body, of which brevity is said to be the soul,-wit.
that plot at least Parmenion had no connection. 2. A grammarian and glossographer (?yAcwseeo(Curt. vi. 11. ~ 33.) The confessions extorted -ypaqpos), who is quoted in the Venetian Scholia on
from Philotas on the rack amounted only to some Homer. (I1. i. 591.) [P. S.]
vague and indefinite projects said to have been PARME'NION. (rlapuevL'wv), an architect, who
entertained by his father at the suggestion of was employed by Alexander the Great in the
Hegelochus, and which, if they were not alto- building of Alexandria. He was entrusted with
gether a fiction, had probably been no more than the superintendence of the works of sculpture, esa temporary ebullition of discontent. (Id. ib. pecially in the temple of Serapis, which came to be
~ 22-29.) Yet on this evidence not only was called by his name Parmenionis. (Jul. Valer. i. 35.)
Parmenion condemned unheard, but the mode of Clemens Alexandrinus, however, ascribes the great
his execution, or rather assassination, was marked statue of Serapis to Bryaxis. (Protrep. p. 14,
by the basest treachery. Sylburg). [P. S.]
But however unjust was the condemnation of PARMENISCUS (IlapFEcyirecos). I. A partner
Parmenion, and great as were the services really of Dionysodorus, against whom Demosthenwe
rendered by him to Alexander, it is certain that pleaded in the speech Kar- Alovuvo'&Apov. (Dem.
his merits are unduly extolled by Quintus pp. 1282-1298, ed. Reisk.)
Curtius, as well as by some modern writers; and 2. Of Metapontum, who probably lived about
the assertion of that author that the king had the middle of the fifth century B. c. Iamblichus
done nothing great without his assistance (zulta ( Tilt. Pythagor. c. 36) calls him (according to the
sine rege prospere, rex sine illo nihil mnagnae r-ei common reading) Ilapioiwos, and ranks him
gesserat, vii. 2. ~ 33) is altogether false. On the among the celebrated Pythagorean philosophers.
contrary, many of the king's greatest successes Athenaeus, (who, iv. 156, c. &c., gives a quotation
were achieved in direct opposition to the advice of from a letter of a man of this name, containing an
Parmenion; and it is evident that the prudent and account of a Cynic banquet,) narrates (xiv. p. 614,
cautious character of the old general rendered him a. b.) an incident in his life, connected with a
incapable of appreciating the. daring genius of his descent into the cave of Trophonius, and calls him
young leader, which carried with it the assurance rich and high born. He is also mentioned by
of its own success. Had Alexander uniformly Diogenes La'rtius, ix. 20.
followed the advice of Parmenion, it is clear that 3. A grammarian and commentator, of whom
he would never have conquered Asia. (See we have fragments and notices in the Schol. Hoem,
Arrian, Anab. i. 13, ii. 25; Plut. Alex. 16, 29, Od. ~'. 242, I1.5'. 513, X'. 424; Eustath. ad II. ii.
Apophth. p. 180, b.; Diod. xvii. 16, 54.) p. 854; Schol. Eurip. Mled. 10, 276, Tr-oad. 222,
Three sons of Parmenion had accompanied 230, Rhes. 524; Et. Mag. s. v.'Apew; Steph. Byz,
their father to Asia; of these the youngest, s. vv. "AAo,'EJpvpa, 4IOa. Hyginus, when speakHector, was accidentally drowned in the Nile, inn (Poet. Astron. ii. 2, 13) of his history of the
B.c. 331. (Curt. tv. 8. ~ 7.) Nicanor was carried stars, probably refers to a lost commentary on
off by a sudden illness on the march into tHyr- Aratus. Varro (de L. L. x. 10) refers to him as
cania, and Philotas was put to death just before making the distinctive characteristics of words to
his father. We find also two of his daughters be eight in number. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i,
mentioned as married, the one to Attalus, the p. 518, vol. vi. p. 375; Vossius, De Hist. Graec,
uncle of Cleopatra, the other to the Macedonian p. 481, ed. Westermann.) [W. M. G.]
officer, Coenus. (Curt. vi. 9. ~~ 17, 30.) PA'RMENON (nrapue'swm). 1. Of Byzantium,
2. One of the deputies from Lampsacus, who a choliambic poet, a few of whose verses are cited
appeared before the Roman legates at Lysimachia by Athenaeus (iii. p. 75, f.; v. pp. 203, c. 221, a.),
to complain against Antiochus, B.c. 196. (Polyb. by the scholiasts on Pindar (Pyth. iv. 97,) and
xviii. 35.) Nicander (Ther. 806), and by Stephanus of By3. One of the ambassadors sent by Gentius, zantium (s. vv. BoulvZvo,'pimClov, XlW'msY, reading
king of Illyria, to receive the oath and hostages of the last passage fIap1l-vwv for Mevl7r7r). These few
Perseus, B.C. 168. He afterwards accompanied fragments are collected by Meineke (Clolianmbica
the Macedonian ambassadors to Rhodes. (Polyb. Poesis G raecorsum, Berol. 1845).
xxix. 2, 5.) [E. H. B.] 2. Of Rhodes, the author of a work on cookery
PARME'NION (nIapuevLv), literary. 1. Of (aystpLKc5 6LaacKcCaAfa) quoted by Athenaeus (vii,
Macedonia, an epigrammatic poet, whose verses p. 308, f.)
were included in the collection of Philip of Thessa- 3. A grammarian, the author of a work 7repl
lonica; whence it is probable that he flourished in, lahXKmCTwv (Ath. xi. p. 500, b.) who is not improor shortly before, the time of Augustus. Brunck bably the same person as the glossographer PARgives fourteen of his epigranms in the Anaslecta M.ENION. [P.S.]