A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ZONARAS. ZOPYRUS. 1331
tain, in the opinion of Raoul-Rochette, that the 3.'EStywrLs'rcev EpWv KIcal eiwv icavwvov, &c.,
name is that of the engraver of the medals. (Lettre an Exposition of the Canons of the Apostles,
a M. Schorn, p. 98, 2d ed.) Councils, and Fathers. The Exposition of the
2. A sculptor of Corinthian vases, in the house- Apostolical Canons was printed, with a Latin
hold of Agrippa, according to Raoul-Rochette's translation, by J. Quintinus, Paris, 1558; and the
interpretation of the inscription, ZOILI. CORIN- Exposition of the Canons of the Councils and
THIAR. AGRIPP. The matter is, however, Fathers was printed by Antonius Salmatia, Milan,
doubtful. (R. Rochette, Lettre a M. Schorn, p. 430, 1613.- Both parts of the work were published in
2d ed.) [P. S.] Greek and Latin by Beveridge (Beveregius), in
ZO'NARAS, JOANNES ('Tdcivv-s o Zcvapas), his Pandectoae Canonurn, Oxford, 1672, fol.
a celebrated Byzantine historian and theologian, 4. AJOyos 7rpbs Trobs' T7'v VatKYV TrS'YOv7s
lived in the twelfth century under the emperors eKpojv ICaItea r)Youyiv'ovs, printed in Bonefidius,
Alexis I. Comnenus and Calo-Joannes. During Jus Orientale, 1573, 8vo., and in Leunclavius, Jus
the reign of Alexis he held the high offices of Graeco-Ronnum, vol. i. p. 351.
Great Drungarius, or commander of the emperor's 5.'EcK rposc67rou TwrV aPXaEPESIV trpL TroO /d,
body-guards, and of Protoasecretis (Ilpworoaolcpil- oev vso rieoao3'Aovs'rv avr7' v e aa'yeO'Oai rpbs
rss), or first private secretary of the emperor; but he'yayov, to show that two nephews ought not to
quitted the world during the reign of Calo-Joannes, marry the same woman, printed in Cotelerius, Mo.
and retired to the monastery on Mount Athos, zuzment. Eccles. Graecae, vol. ii. p. 483, feoll., Paris,
where he spent the remainder of his life in the 1681, 4to.
composition of the various works mentioned below. There are several other works of Zonaras in
He is frequently quoted by subsequent Byzantine manuscript, the titles of which are given by Fawriters, who all speak of his learning and abilities bricius. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 222, foll.,
in terms of the highest praise. He is said to have vol. vii. p. 465, foll.; Schiill, Geschichte der G(rieclhdied at the age of 88 years, and to have been ischen Litteratur, vol. iii. pp. 195, 247, 467.)
buried in the monastery of St. Elias. The follow- ZONAS. [DIODORUS ZONAS, Vol. I. p. 1017.]
ing is a list of his works which have been printed:- ZOPYRINUS (Zwn7rlpos), the author of a
1. Xpoe'coid, or Annales, in 18 books, from the work on cookery ('Oap'vT'rca, Athen. xiv. p.
creation of the world to the death of Alexis in 662, d.).
A. D. 1118. It is compiled from various Greek ZOPY'RION (Zwtrvpiwvz). 1. An historical
authors, whose very words Zonaras frequently re- writer, mentioned by Josephus (c. Apion. i. 23).
tains. The earlier part is chiefly taken from Jo- 2. A grammarian, the author of the first part of
sephus; and in the portion which relates to Roman the AetLev Ae'ecsv 7rocKLAWcv (from A to E), of the
history he has for the most part followed Dion remainder of which Pamphilus was the author.
Cassius. In consequence of the latter circumstance [PAMPHILUS.] [C. P. M.]
the Annals of Zonaras are of great importance in ZOPYRUS (Z&crvpos), historical. 1. A disstudying the early history of Rome. Of the first tinguished Persian, son of Megabyzus, one of the
twenty books of Dion Cassius we have nothing but seven chiefs who killed the false Smerdis, served
the abstract of Zonaras; and even of the later under Dareins against Babylon, which had revolted
books, of which Xiphilinus has made a more full at the commencement of his reign. After Dareius
epitome, Zonaras has preserved many.statements of had besieged the city for twenty months in vain,
Dion which are entirely omitted by Xiphilinus Zopyrus resolved to gain the place for his master
[XIPHILINUS]. In the latter part of his work by the most extraordinary self-sacrifice. AccordZonaras wrote as an eye-witness of the events he ingly, one day he appeared before Dareius, with his
describes, but with a brevity which is surprising, body mutilated in the most horrible manner; both
considering the many interesting and important his ears and nose were cut off, and his person otheroccurrences of his time. His deficiencies, however, wise disfigured. After explaining to Dareius his
in this respect are amply supplied by Anna Comn- intentions and concerting measures with him, he
nena, the daughter of the emperor Alexis. [Coui- fled to Babylon as a victim of the cruelty of the
NENA.] The history of Zonaras was continued by Persian king. The Babylonians, seeing one of the
Nicetas Acominatus, whose work commences at most distinguished Persians in such a horrible
the death of Alexis. [NICETAs.] The first edition condition, readily gave him their confidence, and
of the Annals of Zonaras was printed under the placed him at the head of their troops. He soon
superintendence of H. Wolf, Basel, 1557, 3 vols. found means to betray the city to Dareius, who
fol. The next edition, which was much improved, severely punished the inhabitants for their revolt.
formed part of the Paris collection of Byzantine Dareius appointed Zopyrus satrap of Babylon for
writers, and was edited by Du Fresne Du Cange, life, with the enjoymnlent of its entire revenues, and
Paris, 1686, 2 vols. fol.: it was reprinted in the also bestowed upon him many other marks of his
Venice edition of the Byzantine writers. The last confidence and esteem. He was accustomed to say
and best edition is by Pinder, Bonn, 1841, &c. that he would rather have Zopyrus without wounds
8vo., which is not yet complete: it forms part of than possess twenty Babylons. (Herod. iii. 153the Bonn collection of Byzantine writers. 160.)
2. Zvvayw'-y, AeerEwv vsAAehyeL, e ic 3ta06pwv Ctesias places the revolt of Babylon in the,BfLGwv, 7raatas TE' c2u71/ Pypao ra icl T'rs Wias ical reign of Xerxes. He relates that the Babylonians
abvtis 87rov'ris lpaOEv. This Lexicon was pub- slew their satrap Zopyrus, and that Megabyzus, the
lished for the first time by J. A. H. Tittmann, Lips. son of Zopyrus, betrayed the city to Xerxes by means
1808, 2 vols. 4to. Tittmann thinks that it is the of the same stratagem which Herodotus ascribes to
same work as Suidas quotes under the title of'ET'r- Zopyrus. [MEGABYZUs, No. 2.] But the accountt
IoAo'yKlbv &ANo or 8eurepov, in which case it could of Herodotus is preferable on many accounts. (See
not have been compiled by Zonaras, as Suidas pro- Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. iv. p. 310, note.)
bably lived in the tenth century. 2. The son of Megatbvzus, and the grandson of
4, 2