A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ZENON. ZENON. 1313
DeoV. 3. rIEpl rs'O s evsPlKOS ov0elfas. 4. A6-Evs ZENON (ZvYwv), philosophers. 1. Of CITIUaI,'OurqptLKcW v a7ropsCitd-Vv. 5. Els r'v'Hao'lovu aEo- a city in the island of Cyprus, founded by Phoeyoviav. Suidas mentions only two grammarians nician settlers. He was the soil of Mnaseas. Some
of the name of Zenodotus, the Ephesian and the authorities assign other names to his father, but
Alexandrine; but besides these we read of two with less probability (Diog. Laert. vii. 1, ib. Meothers, Zenodotus 6 MaAXh67-'s, that is, of Mallus nag.). He is said to have been early won over to
(Theon, ad Arat. P/haen. 33); and Zenodotus b the pursuit of philosophy through books of the
Kpa'r'TEioS, that is, a disciple of Crates. (Schol. ad Socratics, which his father was accustomed to
Honz. II. xxiii. 79.) Wolf thinks (Prolegom. bring back from Athens when he went thither on
p. cxcix.) that the two last are the same person as trading voyages; and to have devoted himself to it
the Alexandrine; that he was called of Mallus entirely when (through the direction of an oracle,
from the place of his birth, the Alexandsrine from as is said) at the age of 22, or, according to others,
the place of his residence, and the Cratetean, 30 years, having been shipwrecked in the neighfrom his being a disciple of Crates, who was also a bourhood of Peiraeeus, he was led t6 settle in
native of Mallus. He remarks that as Crates was Athens (ibid. 2, 4, 5, 28). Whether he lost all
the great opponent of Aristarchus, his disciple his property in the shipwreck (Seneca, de Tranqu.
would naturally be the adversary of the same great Animi, c. 14; Plut. de cap. ex host. Utilitate, p. 87,
scholar. It may readily be admitted that Zeno- a), or, what is considerably less likely, remained
dotus of Mallus and Zenodotus the disciple of in possession of a fabulous fortune of 1000 talents
Crates are the same person; but it appears impro- (Diog. Laert. vii. 13, comp.15, 22, 5), his moderation
bable that the same person should have had two and contentment had become proverbial (ZwvceVor
such opposite surnames as 6 Es' or-TE and MaAAcI- EyKipaTeo'Tepos, Diog. Laert. 27, &c., comp..26, 13,
ArXI. We are therefore disposed to adopt the views 16; Suid. s. v.), and an admiring recognition of
of Diintzer and other scholars that there were three his virtues shines through even the ridicule of the
grammarians of this name, 1. Zenodotus of Ephesus, comic poets (Philemon, Posidippus, &c.; Diog.
2. Zenodotus of Alexandria, and 3. Zenodotus Laert. vii. 27, &c.;Clem. Alex. Strom. ii. p. 413).
of Mallus, the disciple of Crates. It is very likely Though weakness of body is said to have first dehowever that some of the works assigned by Suidas termined him to live rigorously and simply (Diog.
to the Alexandrine were written by the disciple of Laert. vii. 1; Antig. Caryst. ap. At/en. xii. 2), and
Crates. (Diintzer, De Zenoadoti Studiis Honmericis, harden himself (Diog. Laert. 26, &c.), yet an inpp. 24, 25.) clination for being independent of want seenls
3. Of TROEZEN, wrote a history of Umbria, in already at an early period to have come in as an
which he spoke of the rape of the Sabine women. additional motive, and to have led him to the
(Dionys. ii. 49; Plut. Rosm. 14.) cynic Crates, to whom, however, he could only
4. The STOIC, a disciple of Diogenes, wrote an attach himself with a twofold reservation; for he
Epigram on Zenon, which is quoted by Diogenes could not adopt either the contempt for established
Laiirtius (vii. 29, 30). usages which characterised their mode of life, nor
5. The EPIGRAMMATIST, one of whose epigrams their scorn of free and comprehensive knowledge
is preserved in the Greek Anthology (vii. 315). (Ibid. 3, 17, 22). Yet he seems to have been still
6. The AETOLIAN, mentioned by Caesar Ger- entirely under their influence when he wrote his
manicus at the commencement of his Commentary IloTrreica (Ibid. 4; comp. Plut. de Alex. fortit. i.
on the Phaenomena of Aratus. 6). When it was that, against the dissuasion of
7. A NEO-PLATONIC philosopher, was a fa- Crates, he betook himself to the Megaric Stilpo
vourite of Proclus, whom he succeeded in his school. Diog. DiogLart. vii. 24. 2), we do not learn; and
(Phot. Cod. 181, p. 127, a. 3, Cod. 242, p. 346, a. equally scanty are the accounts which we have
24, ed. Bekker.) respecting his intercourse with the two other con8. The SOPHIST, more usually called Zenobius. temporary Megarics, Diodorus Cronus and Philon
[ZENOBIUS.] (ibid. 16, 25, 15, 16) on the one hand, and with
ZENON (Zvuwv), historical. 1. An officer in the Academics, Xenocrates and Polemon (ibid. 2,
the service of Antiochus the Great, who left him 35, comp. Suid. s. v.) on the other. Only from the
in charge of the city of Sardis, when he himself logic of the Stoics we see that in this branch of
went to Apamea (Liv. xxxvii. 44). science they approached considerably nearer to the
2. An officer in the service of king Philippus. Megarics than to the Academics. The period
He was one of the governors of Athamania, being which Zenon thus devoted to study is extended
stationed at Theium. When Athamania revolted, by one unauthenticated statement to twenty
he held out against the insurgents for a few days, years. (Diog. Laurt. vii. 4, comp. 2.). At its
but was eventually compelled to retire. When close, and after he had developed his peculiar
Philippus invaded Athamania, Zenon was sent to philosophical system, to which he must already
take possession of Ethopia. He found it neces- have gained over some disciples, he opened his
sary, however, to retire to a stronger position when school in the porch adorned with the paintings of
attacked by the Athamanians. The greater part Polygnotus (Stoa Poicile), which, at an earlier
of his forces were killed; he himself with a few time, had been a place in which poets met (Eraothers escaped to the king. (Liv. xxxviii. 1, &c.) tosthenes in Diog. Laert. vii. 5). From it his
3. Son of Polemon, king of Pontus, was crowned disciples were called Stoics, a name which had
king of Armenia by Germanicus at Artaxata, A. D. before been applied to the above-mentioned poets,
18. From the name of the city where he was and by which also the grammarians who assembled
crowned, the name Artaxias was bestowed upon there probably at a later time were known. Prehim. (Tac. Annal. ii. 56.) viously his disciples were called Zenonians. Among
4. Surnamed Cotylas, tyrant of Philadelphia, the warm admirers of Zenon was king Antigonus
mentioned by Josephus. (Ant. Jud. xiii. 8. ~ 1, Gonatas of Macedonia: for although the cor.
Bell. Jud. i. 2. ~ 4.) [C. P. M.] respondence between the two, professing to have
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