A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1308 X UTHUS. ZACYNTH US.
XERXES (dep~ts), a son of Mithridates, who to his eldest brother-in-law, Cecrops, in consefell into the hands of Pompey in consequence of quence of which he was expelled by the other sons
the insurrection of the town of Phanagoria, where of Erechtheus, and settled at Aegialos in Peloponhe with several of his brothers had been placed for nesus. (Paus. vii. 1. ~ 2; comp. Herod. vii.
security, B.c. 64. He afterwards adorned Pom- 94.) [L. S..
pey's triumph at Rome. (Appian, llkIitlhr. 108,117.)
XIPHAItES (l4dprls), the son of Mithridates
and Stratonice, was put to death by his father Z.
in consequence of the conduct of his mother, of
which an account is given elsewhere. [STRATO- ZACHARIAS (Zaxaplas). 1. An ecclesiasNICE, No. 6.] tical writer, commonly known by the name of
XIPHILI'NUS, GEO/RGIUS (reWpyos 6 ZACHARIAs RHETOR. He was bishop of MeliELqnXevos), patriarch of Constantinople, A. D. 1193 tene, and was the author of an ecclesiastical history
-1199. A few constitutionsof hisare mentioned, embracing the period from A. D. 450 to A. D. 491.
the most important of which, De Juribus Territo- In the judgment of the orthodox Evagrius this
riorutm, is published by Leunclavius in his Jus work was written with a bias in favour of the
Graeco-Romanum, vol. i. p. 283. (Fabric. Bibl. Nestorians. (Evagrius, ii. 2, iii. 5, 6, 7, 18; comp.
Graec. vol. xii. pp. 41, 42.) Nicephorus, xvi. 5, 6, 9, &c.) A Syriac translaXIPHILI'NUS, JOANNES ('Iwcadvvss d EupL- tion, which bears no author's name, is claimed as
A7vos). 1. Patriarch of Constantinople, A. D. 1066 the translation of the work of Zacharias by Asse— 1075, was of a noble family of Trapezus (Tre- mann (Bibl. Orient. vol. ii. p. 53, &c.; comp. Le
bizond). He published a few constitutions on ec- Quien, Oriens Cl]rist. i. p. 442).
clesiastical matters, which are printed by Leun- 2. The preceding should no doubt be distinclavius in his Jus Graeco-Ronzanum, and also an guished from Zacharias surnamed Scholasticus.
Oration on the Adoration of the Cross, which is The latter studied philosophy at Alexandria, and
printed in Gretser's work on the Cross, Ingolstadt, jurisprudence at Berytus. After some time he
1616, There are also some orations of this Xiphilinus was made bishop of Mytilene in Lesbos, and while
published by Ch. Fr. Matthaei under the title of in this office was present at the council held at
" Xiphilini, Joannis, et Basilii Magni aliquot Ora- Constantinople in A. D. 536, in the Acta of which
tiones," Mosquae, 1775; but the writer is unable he is several times mentioned. There is still
to state what these orations are, as he has not seen extant a work by Zacharias, entitled'AlsAnos.
the book. This Xiphilinus has been frequently It professed to be a dialogue held with a disciple
confounded with his nephew. (Cave, Hist. Lit. ad of Ammonius, and to contain the substance of a
ann. 1066.) discussion held at Alexandria with Ammonius
2. Of Trapezus, the nephew of the preceding, himself and one Gessius, a physician. The design
was a monk at Constantinople, and made an of the work is to refute the favourite Platonic
abridgement of Dion Cassius from the thirty-sixth doctrine of the eternity of the universe. ('OTL Ob
to the eightieth book at the command of the emr- ovvaLos T,) ire 6r Ko Los, 6 &AA& 6yuLopy7lO a
peror Michael VII. Ducas, who reigned from A. D. a'Tro TrvyXdvEL), and the occasion which led to
1071 to 1078. Xiphilinus did not preserve the its composition was the endeavour of a disciple of
original arrangement of D)ion Cassius, who divided Ammonius who had come to Berytus to spread
his work into books, but he distributed it into sec- that doctrine, so inimical to the Christian faith.
tions (Tr/xpsara), each of which contained the life The style of Zacharias is formed very much in
of an emperor. He omitted the names of the con- imitation of that of Plato. This dialogue was pubsuls, which Dion Cassius always inserted, and lished in Greek and Latin by J. Tarin, in consometimes he took the liberty to alter and amend nection with the Philocalia of Origenes (Paris,
the original. The work is executed with the usual 1619). It is also to be found in K. Barth's edition
carelessness which characterizes most epitomes, of Aeneas of Gaza (Leipzig, 1655). There is also
and is only of value as preserving the main facts of extant a short piece by Zacharias, entitled'ArPi..the original, the greater part of which is lost. As prao-s Zaxapeov, ErrLeodcnrov MlvTn-V7-s, T'bs craan example of the carelessness of Xiphilinus, we paxAoyoayb, TroD Mav'Xaiol alEAE'cyXovoa. The
may mention a passage (lxxi. 32) in which he re- Greek text has not been printed, but there is a
fers the reader to a previous statement, which is, Latin translation of it by F. Turrianus in H. Cahowever, omitted in the Epitome. That he omitted nisii Thesaur. Mon. Eccles. et Hist. Antv. 1725,
many statements of considerable importance, and vol. v. p. 428. Zacharias is also mentioned as
which certainly ought to have been preserved even having written commentaries on Aristotle. (Cod.
in an abridgment, is evident from Zonaras, who Bibl. Coislin.; comp. Montfauc. p. 598.)
has preserved many passages of Dion Cassius which 3. Patriarch of Jerusalem; a Latin translation
are omitted by Xiphilinus. [ZONARAS.] For edi- of whose Epistola ad Eccles. Hierosol. de Abductions and further particulars see DION CASSIUS. tione sua in Persidem (A. D. 614) is contained in the
XUTHUS (,oi0os), a son of Hellen by the Bibliotheca Patrum (vol. xii. ed. Lugd. p. 984).
nymph Orseis, and a brother of Dorus and Aeolus. 4. Patriarch of Alexandria, respecting whose
He was king of Peloponnesus, and the husband of synodic letter to Joannes Abdos the reader is reCreusa, the daughter of Erechtheus, by whom he ferred to Assemann (Bibl. Orient. ii. p. 145, &c.).
became the father of Achaeus and Ion (Eurip. 5. There are several more ecclesiastics and others
Ion. 63, &c.; Apollod. i. 7. ~ 3). Others state of this name, respecting whom the reader may conthat after the death of his father Hellen, Xuthus sult Assemann (I. c.) and Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. vol. x.
was expelled from Thessaly by his brothers, and pp. 635-638). [C. P. M.]
went to Athens, where he married the daughter of ZACYNTHUS (ZacKvvOos), a son of Dardanus
Erechtheus. After the death of Erechtheus, Xu- of Psophis who is said to have led a colony to tlhe
thus being chosen arbitrator, adjudged the kingdom island of Zacynthus, which derived its name from