A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

XENON. XENOPHANES. 1295
Pind. pp. 279, &c.) and by Ulrici (Gesch. d. Hellen. cated his tyranny, and joined the Achaean league.
Dichtk. vol. ii. Lect. 26, pp. 468, foll.; see also (Polyb. ii. 44.)
Miiller, Gesch. d. Grieclh. Litt. vol. i. p. 291, vol. ii. 4. An Achaean, a native of Patrae. He is menp. 290.) tioned by Polybius as one of those who counselled
2. Of Rhodes, the author of an elegant epigram the maintenance of neutrality between the Romans
upon Lysidice, in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, and Perseus (xxviii. 6). After the conclusion of
Anal. vol. ii. p. 256; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. the war with Perseus, when the Roman commisp. 233, vol. xiii. p. 963.) sioners, Claudius and Domitius, in a meeting of the
3. Of Cos, a grammarian, was the first who Achaean assembly denounced as partisans of Perwrote a commentary on the terms used by Hippo- seus all who had been generals of the Achaeans
crates. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 601.) [P. S.] during the war, Xenon, who had filled that office,
XENO'CRITUS (sEVOIcpt'roS) and EUBIUS rose to repel the charge, and offered to stand his
(Ev'Clos), sculptors, made the white marble statue trial before either an Achaean or a Roman tribunal.
of Heracles Promachos, in his shrine at Thebes, of He was doubtless one of the Achaeans who, upon
which city the artists were both natives. (Paus. ix. this, were sent to Rome, professedly to take their
11. ~ 4.) [P. S.] trial, but who were detained in various Italian
XENODAIMUS ('ERsvaauos,) of Cythera, a cities for several years. (Paus. vii. 10. ~ 9, &c.)
musician and lyric poet, who is mentioned by Plu- 5. An Achaean, a native of Aegium, was twice
tarch (de Mus. 9, p. 1134, b.) as one of the leaders despatched to Rome, in company with Telecles, on
of the second school of music, which was established behalf of the Achaeans who were detained in Italy.
at Sparta by Thaletas. Some writers ascribed to him (Polyb. xxxii. 7, xxxiii. 1.) It seems more likely
Paeans; but others, among whom was Pratinas, said that the same Xenon is referred to in both pasthat his compositions were not Paeans, but Hypor- sages, than that Xenon of Patrae should be meant
chemes, and Plutarch adds that there was still ex- in the former. In the latter case Xenon of Patrae
tant in his time an ode by Xenodamus, which was must of course have been a different person from
manifestly a hyporcheme. Athenaeus also (i. p. 15, the Xenon mentioned by Pausanias.
d. e.) mentions Xenodamus and Pindar as the two 6. A native of Lepreum, mentioned by Pausachief composers of hyporchemes among the ancient nias (vi. 15. ~ 1). [C. P. M.]
lyric poets., (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 160; XENON (ESEvtw), literary. 1. Of Locri, a
Ulrici, Gesch. d. Hellen. Dicktkunst, vol. ii. pp. 212, Pythagorean philosopher. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
223, foll., 391.) [P. S.] vol. i. p. 878.)
XENO'DICE (Sevo8LwK). 1. A daughter of 2. A comic poet of unknown time, only men.
Minos and Pasiphae. (Apollod. iii. 1. ~ 2.) tioned by Dicaearchus (Vit. Graec. p. 170. s. 25,
2. A daughter of Syleus, at Aulis, was slain by Buttmann), who quotes two lines from him. (FaHeracles, together with her father. (Apollod. ii. bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 505; Meineke, Trag.
6. ~ 3.) Corss. Graec. vol. i. p. 500, vol. iv. p. 596, Editio
3. A captive Trojan woman. (Paus. x. 26. ~ Minor, p. 1184.) [P. S.]
1.) [L. S.] XENON, a painter, of Sicyon, disciple of
XENOETAS (evoeoTas), an Achaean in the ser- Neocles, is mentioned by Pliny, in his list of those
vice of Antiochus the Great, was despatched by Her- painters who were " non ignobiles quiderz, in transmeias in command of an army against Molon. [Mo- cursu tamen dicelzdi (II. N. xxxv. 11. s. 40. ~
LON, Vol. II. p. 1111.] This unusual distinction 42). [P. S.]
seems greatlyto have elated him. He conducted him- XENO'PHANES (evo(pdvrls), historical. 1.
self arrogantly towards his friends, and exhibited no An Athenian, the father of Lamachus. (Thucyd.
small presumption and rashness in his military ope- vi. 8.)
rations. He succeeded in crossing the Tigris, but fell 2. An Athenian, the son of Cleomachus, sent by
into the snare laid for him by Molon, who feigned a king Philip, the son of Demetrius, as ambassador to
retreat, and suddenly returning surprised Xenoetas Hannibal, for the purpose of entering into a treaty
when the greater part of his forces were sunk in with him. (Polyb. vii. 9.) He and his companions
drunken sleep. Xenoetas was killed, and his army in attempting to make their way to Capua fell into
cut to pieces. (Polyb. v. 45-48.) [C. P. M.] the hands of the Romans. Xenophanes, with great
XENOME DES (Ee1,op3rjs), of Chios, a Greek coolness, told the praetor, M. Valerius Laevinus,
historian, mentioned by Dionysius of Halicarnas- that he was on his way to Rome, charged by king
sus along with Hellanicus and Damastes, as writers Philip with a commission to form a treaty of alliwho lived a little before the Peloponnesian war. ance with Rome. Laevinus furnished him with an
(Dionys. de Thuc. c. 5.\ The fragments of his escort for his journey, when he of course took the
writings, quoted by the grammarians, are of a my- opportunity to make his way to Hannibal. He was,
thological nature. (Schol. ad Aristoph. Lysistr. however, again taken prisoner by the Roman ships.
447; Schol. Victor. ad I. xvi. 328; Etymol. s. v. He again attempted to pass himself off as an ambasOEX-yeL, where Eevo/d41r s ought probably to be sador to the Romans, but was handed over to the
read instead of'Evo~y[rqs; comp. Miiller, Fraym. consul, taken to Rome, and thrown into prison.
Hist. Graec. vol. ii. p. 43, Paris, 1848.) (Liv. xxiii. 33, 38.) [C. P. M.]
XENON (E YN v), historical. 1. A Theban, who XENO'PHANES (erYo(pdcYS), of Colophon,
was sent in command of a body of troops by the was the son of Orthomenes, or according to others,
Peloponnesians to Sicily, B. c. 413. (Thucyd. vii. of Dexius (Diog. Laiirt. ix. 18, ib. Interp.). He
19.) was mentioned in the writings of Heracleitus and
2. An officer in the service of Antiochus the Epicharmus (ib. ix. 1. &c.; Arist. Met. iii. 5. p. 1010.
Great, who was sent, together with Theodotus, 6), and had himself made mention of Thales, Epiagainst Molon. They retired before Molon under menides, and Pythagoras (Diog. Lazirt. ix. 18, i.
the shelter of the towns. (Polyb. v. 42, 43.) 111, viii. 36), and is placed in connection with the
3. Tyrant of Hermione. He voluntarily abdi- musician Lasus of Hermione in the time of the