A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1294 XENOCRATES. XENOCRITUS.
2. Of Chalcedon, a relation of the celebrated with a Latin Version, by J. B. Rasarius, 1559,
philosopher, was himself. a philosopher and the 8vo., Tiguri; and is inserted by Fabricius in the
author of an oration on the death of Arsinoi, en- ninth volume of the old edition of his Bibliotheca
titled.X4yos'AplTLvor'LrILKS. (Diog. 1. c.) Gr-aeca, pp. 454-474. There are three later and
3. Another philosopher, who wrote a very in- better editions, by J. G. F. Franz, 1774, 8vo.
different elegiac poem; which gives Diogenes oc- Lips., and by Adam. Coray, 1794, 8vo. Neap.,
casion to remark that, when poets apply themselves and 1814, 8vo. Paris. (See Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol.
to prose composition, they succeed, but when prose ii. p. 68, xiii. p. 452, ed. vet.; Haller, Bibl. Medic.
writers attempt poetry, they fail; since the one Pract.; Choulant, Handb. der Biiclherkunde fiir
endowment comes from nature, the other from art. die Aeltere Medicin.) [W. A. G.]
Many examples might be cited to confirm this XENO'CRATES, a statuary of the school of'
observation; but there are some instances against Lysippus, was the pupil either of Tisicrates or of
it: for example, the prose of Virgil is said to have Euthycrates, both of whom he surpassed in the
been as much inferior to his poetry, as the poetry number of his works. He also wrote works upon
of Cicero was to his prose. (Menag. ad loc.) the art. (Plin. H. N. 8. s. 34. ~ 23; Diog. Lairt.
4. A statuary, who wrote on his art (see next iv. 15.) He must have flourished about 01. 130,
column). B. C. 260. In another passage of Pliny (xxxv. 10.
5. A writer of odes (,suTaTa), whom Diogenes s. 36. ~ 5) Xeneocrates is quoted for a statement
mentions on the authority of Aristoxenus. Pro- respecting Parrhasius. It does not necessarily follow
bably the name is an error for XErNOCRITUS. that he wrote a distinct work on painting, for the
6. The author of an epigram in the Greek An- observation quoted might very well have been
thology, on a statue of Hermes. There is no evi- made in connection with the general subject of
dence to determine whether he was the same artistic composition. In the.Elenchus of book
person as either of the two philosophers of Chalce- xxxiii. Xenocrates is mentioned, among Pliny's
don, or as either of the two writers of poetry men- authorities, as a writer on the toreutic art (de totioned above (Nos.' 3, 5). Fabricius identifies rentice), and in that of book xxxv., as a writer on
him with the younger philosopher of Chalcedon. metal-work in general (de mnetallica disciplina). In
(Fabric. Bibl. Grae. vol. iii. p. 193, vol. iv. p. 326; the latter passage (and in the former also, accordBrunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 59; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. ing to some MSS.) he is called Xenocrate (abl.)
vol. ii. p. 59, vol. xiii. p. 963.) Zenonis. Whether his father's name was Zeno, or
7. Of Ephesus, an historical and geographical whether Zensonis is an error for Zenone, we have
writer, frequently quoted by Pliny, who, in one not the means of deciding. It should also be menpassage, adds to his name the following remark, tioned, with respect to the second passage quoted
"qui de iis nuperrime scripsit" (H. N. xxxvii. 2). above from Pliny (H. N. xxxv. 10. s. 36. ~ 5),
IHe flourished, therefore, during, or immediately that Junius (de Pict. Vet. ii. 3; comp. Menag. ad
before, the time of Pliny. (Vossius, de list. Diog. iv. 15) proposes to read Hypsierates for XeGraec. p. 509, ed. Westermann.) nocrales; but all the MSS. have Xenocrates, and
8. A chronographer, who is quoted in the the reasons assigned by Junius for altering it are
Etymologicumn Magnumn (s. v.'Aaavpia), but of insufficient. [P. S.]
whom we have no further information. (Vossius, XENO'CRITUS (EsmVKpLros), literary. 1. Of
I. c.) [P. S.] Locri Epizephyrii, in Lower Italy, a musician and
XENO'CRATES (evoKpdT7ls), a physician of lyric poet, who is mentioned by Plutarch (de Mus.
Aphrodisias in Cilicia (Galen, De Sinmplic. Medi- 9, p. 1134, b.), as one of the leaders of the second
camn. Temper. ac Facult. vi. praef. vol. xi. p. 793), school of Dorian music, which was founded by
who must have lived about the middle of the first Thaletas, and as a composer of Paeans. A little
century after Christ, as he was probably a contem- further on, Plutarch says that some ascribed to him
porary of Andromachus the Younger. (See Gal. Dithyrambs on heroic subjects, and that it was
De Compos. Medicame. sec. Loc. iii. i, vol. xii. p. 627, disputed whether he wrote Paeans. The discreand De Thier. ad Pis. c. 12. vol. xiv. p. 260.) Galen pancy between this passage and the former is easily
says that he lived in the second generation before explained. Plutarch is here following Glaucus, on
himself (Ka& T'obs 7rd7r7rovs rcwa,, De Simplic. whose authority he adds that Xenocritus lived
liedicam. Tenmper. ac Facult. x. 1. vol. xii. p. 248). later than Thaletas. [THALES.] The common text
He wrote some pharmaceutical works, and is has sEVo0Kpa'rovs twice in this paragraph; but E,blamed by Galen (I. c.) for making use of disgust- voCpiLrTov is evidently the true reading: there are
ing remedies, for instance, human brains, flesh, other examples of the same error; as in the passage
liver, urine, excrement, &c. One of his works of Diogenes referred to under XENOCRATES, No.
was entitled 11ep' TJS &7rb TAC' Z'Wcv'f eXegas, 5, where it is almost certain that Xenocritus is
" De Utilitate ex Animalibus Percipienda" (id. meant; as Aristoxenus, who mentioned him, wrote
ibid. x. 2. ~ 4, vol. xii. p. 261.) He is several expressly on these early musicians. (See Plut. I.c.
times quoted by Galen, and also by Clemens Alex- 11.)
andrinus (Stroin. i. p. 717); Artemidorus (Oneirocr. Xenocritus appears to have been the founder of
iv. 24); Pliny (. 1V. xx. 82); Oribasius (Coll. the Locrian style of lyric poetry, which was a
A'edic. ii. 58, p. 225); Autius (i. 2. 84, iv. 2. 35, modification of the Aeolian; and, if the view just
3. 14, pp. 75, 706, 760), and Alexander Trallia- given of the passage of Diogenes be correct, we
nus (i. 15, xii. 8, pp. 156, 344). Besides some must ascribe to him some, and perhaps the first, of
short fragments of his writings there is extant a the AOKP~Ka' co/uaTa, or erotic odes, in imitation
little essay by Xenocrates, Ilepl Txes &arb'rc'Eev- of Sappho and Erinna. He is said to have been
pwvo Tpopijs, " De Alimento ex Aquatilibus," blind from his birth. (Heracleid. Pont. Pol. Fr.
preserved by Oribasius; which is an interesting xxix.)
record of the state of Natural History at the time The whole subject of the Locrian school of
in which he lived. It was first published in Greek, poetry is fully discussed by Biickh (de MeIr.