A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

XENOCLES. XENOCLES. 1289
qluitted their standards-for that of Clearchus; and, XE'NOCLES (VevoKcjxs), literary. 1, 2. There
Cyrus having afterwards allowed the latter to re- were two Athenian tragic poets of this name, of
tain them, Xenias and Pasion abandoned the army the family of Carcinns; the one the son of the
at Myriandrus, and sailed away to Greece. (Xen. elder Carcinns, and the father of the younger CarAnab. i. 1. ~ 2, 2. ~~ 1, 3, 10, 3, ~ 7, 4. ~~ 7, 8.) cinus; the other the son of the younger Carcinus,
[PASION, No. 1.] and therefore the grandson of the elder Xenocles.
2 An Elean, of great wealth, who was a proxe- [CARCINUS.] Thus it appears that this family
nus of Sparta, and was also connected by private maintained some celebrity on the tragic stage of
ties of hospitality with king Agis II. In B. c. Athens during four generations, which is as long
400, during' the war between Sparta and Elis, as the artistic duration of the family of Aeschylus.
Xenias and his oligarchical partizans made an Apart from this claim upon our attention, the hisattempt to bear down their adversaries by force, tory of this faimily has exercised the critical skill
and to subject their country to the Lacedaemo- of some of the greatest scholars of the day, on
nians. Sallying out into the streets, they mur- account of the interesting, but obscure allusions
dered several of their opponents, and among them made to the members of it by the Athenian comic
a man whom they mistook for Thrasydaeus, the poets and other writers. Indeed, to have developed
leader of the democratic party. Thrasydaeus, how- a consistent and probable account of the family of
ever, who had fallen asleep under the influence of Carcinus out of the few difficult passages of Ariwine, soon rallied his friends, defeated the oligarchs stophanes, Plato, and Pherecrates, in which they
in a battle, and drove the chief men among them were attacked, and out of the mixture of truth and
into exile. (Xen. HIell. iii. 2. ~~ 27, 28; Paus. nonsense contained in the scholiar on Aristophanes,
iii. 8; Diod. xiv. 17) [THReASDAEUS.] [E. E.] in Suidas, and a few other ancient writers, may be
XE'NION (Sevaote), a Greek historian, wrote regarded as a triumph of criticism, the merit of
on Crete, and on Italy, and probably on other which is due to Meineke, to whose investigation
countries. (Etymol. s. v.'ApcE'Lo; Macrob. S&t. some valuable particulars have been added by
i. 9; Schol. ad Lycoplzr. 1214; Steph. Byz. s. vv. Welcker, Kayser, and Wagner. The complicated
Ei'ava'ros, Kantdpa, etalibi; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. minuteness of the question forbids the attempt,
p. 509, ed. Westermann.) within our present limits, to discuss it fully: we
XENOCLEIA (ev'o~cAsEa), a Delphian can only give the general result.
priestess, who refused to give an oracular response Carcinus the elder, who was about contemporary
to Heracles before he was purified of the murder with Aeschylus, had three soilns, according to
of Iphitus; but she was compelled by him, for he Aristophanes and some of the grammarians, or
threatened to take away her tripod. (Paus. x. 13. four, according to Pherecrates and others of the
~ 4.) [L. S.] grammarians. (Aristoph. Vesp. 1493, 1500; Schol.
XENOCLEIDES (SevocXei[73s). 1. A Co- ad loc.; Pherecr. ap. Schol. Aristoph. 1. c., as
rinthian, the son of Euthycles, was sent in amended by Meineke; Schol. ad Aristoph. XNb.
command of the Corinthian fleet against Corcyra 1263, Pac. 778, Ran. 86.) The discrepancy be(B. C. 432). For an account of his operations the tween two comic poets who were contemporary
reader is referred to Thucydides (i. 46, &c.). In with the family, respecting the number of the sons
B. C. 425 he was sent out to Ambracia in command.of Carcinus, is a curious circumstance; and we are
of 300 heavy-armed soldiers. The troops made inclined to suspect that sonie joke is contained in
their way with considerable difficulty by land. the passage of Pherecrates, who first calls them
(Thucyd. iii. 114). three, and then makes another person reply " No!
2. A Chalcidian, who, after the expulsion of they are not three, but four." There is also a
Euthymidas, assumed the direction of afftirs, in great diversity as to the names of the sons of
conjunction with Mictio. When Chalcis was Carcinus. (Schol. ad Aristoph. 11. cc.) Besides the
threatened by Antiochus and the Aetolians, Xenlo- names of Xenocles and Xenotimus, on which all
cleides and Mictio procured help fiom Eretria and the scholiasts are agreed, they mention Xenarchus,
Carystus. When the Achaeans had resolved to Xenocleitus, Diotimus, which is perhaps a mere
send aid to the Chalcidians, Xenocleides succeeded variation of Xenotimus, and Datis, which is not a
in conducting the troops into the town before they Greek name at all, but appears to be a nickname
were intercepted by Antiochus. However, when applied to Xenocles, on account of certain faults in
Antiochus arrived at Aulis, notwithstanding the his language, the appellation being derived from
remonstrances of Mictio and Xenocleides, who were the well-known story about the blunder made by
devoted to the Roman interest, the Chalcidians Datis, the Persian general, when he attempted to
opened their gates to him. On the approach of speak Greek, which gave rise to the term dSrzsyos
Antiochus the partizans of the Romans retired from (Schol. ad 1Arisloph. Pac. 289, 290). Of these sons
the city. (Liv. xxxv. 38, 50, 51.) [C. P. M.] of Carcinus two (or three) were engaged as c/oreutoae
XEINOCLES (SerotcXiks), a Spartan, was one in acting their father's dramas, in which great
of those who, under Herippidas, were sent out to prolinence was given to the orchestic element;
supersede Lysander and his colleagues as counsel- and their dancing is ridiculed by Aristophanes
lors to Agesilaus in his Asiatic expedition, B. C. (Pac. 775-790, Vesp. 1497, foll.), and Pherecrates
395. On his arrival, Xenocles with one other (I. c.). Xenocles alone was a tragic poet; and in
officer was appointed by the king to the command this character he is several times attacked by Ariof the cavalry. When Agesilaus, having been re- stophanes. He appears to have been of a mean
called to Greece, in B. C. 394, was on his march personal appearance; for, in one passage, Aristothrough Thessaly, he sent Xenocles and Scythes phanes distinguishes him from his brothers thus
to Larissa to propose terms of peace; but the (Vesp. 1500),
Larissaeans arrested the two envoys, who however 6,. o'/~P1Oa'aTos,'s T@7 Tpa7Tc3av wroiez,
were soon restored under a treaty. (Xen. Hell. iii.
4. ~ 20; Diod. xiv. 80; Plut. Ages. 16. [ E.E.] and, in another passage, among other examples of