A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1288 XENA RCIIUS. XENIAS.
Vas also ascribed to Xanthus (Clem. Alex. Strom. Graec. vol. i. p. 434, vol. iii. pp. 614-625, Editio
iii. p. 185; Diog. Laert. Praef. 2); but the Life Minor, pp. 811-815.)
of Empedocles, which is mentioned by Diogenes 3. Of Seleuceia in Cilicia, a Peripatetic philosoLaertius (viii. 63) as the work of Xanthus, should pher and grammarian, in the time of Strabo, who
probably be referred to another writer of the same heard him. Xenarchus left home early, and devoted
name. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. ii. p. 159; Vos- himself to the profession of teaching, first at Alexsius, de Hist. Graec. pp. 32-34, ed. Westermann; andria, afterwards at Athens, and last at Rome,
Creuzer, Historicorunm Grace. Antiquiss. Fragmenta, where he enjoyed the friendship of Areius, and
Heidelb. 1806, 8vo.; C. Miiller, Fr-agmenta His- afterwards of Augustus; and he was still living, in
toricorum Graecorum, pp. xx-xxiii., 36-44; K. old age and honour, when Strabo wrote. (Strab.
O. Miiller, Gesch. d. Griech. Lit. vol. i. p. 478, p. xiv. p. 670.) He is also mentioned by Simplicius
264, Engl. trans.) [P. S.] (de Caelo, 1), and by Alexander Aphrodisiensis
XENAEUS (SEvaeos), the architect who super- (de Anim. p. 154; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii.
intended the building of the walls of Antioch under p. 510; Clinton, F. II. vol. iii. p. 554). [P. S.]
Seleucus I. (Malal. Chron. p. 200, ed. Bonn.; XE'NARES (ersdpsjs), a Spartan, was one of
Miiller, Dissertationes Antiockenae; A rceiaol. d. the ephors who came into office in B. c. 421. BeKunst, ~ 149, n. 4). [P. S.] ing opposed to the truce which had been made
XENA'GORAS (euary6pas), a Greek historian with Athens for fifty years, he and his colleaglue
quoted by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (i. 72), from Cleobulus intrigued with the Boeotians anld Co.whom we learn that Xenagoras related that Ulysses rinthians to reconstruct the Lacedaemonian league,
and Circe had three sons, Romus, Antias, and and to strengthen it by the addition of Argos. If
Ardeas, who founded the three cities which were this could have been effected, Sparta would have
called by their names. Macrobius also (v. 19) re- had nothing to fear from the renewal of war with
fers to the third book of the history of Xenagoras. Athens: but the scheme failed in consequence of
If he was the same person as the Xenagoras, the the secrecy necessary in its preliminary steps.
father of the historian Nymphis, he must have (Thuc. v. 36-38.) Xenares, a Lacedaemonian,
lived in the early part of the second century B. C. son of Cnidis, is mentioned as commander of the
[NYMPH-s.] Xenagoras wrote a work entitled colony at the Trachinian Heracleia in B.C. 420,
XpdvoL (Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. iv. 262, 264; when the colonists were assailed by the forces of
Harpocrat. s. v. KpauvaXials) and another on is- several neighbouring tribes, and were defeated
lands, Ilepl,r'owv, (Etymol. s. v.:(ZpKEla; Tzetz. with great loss, Xenares himself being among tilhe
ad Lycophr. 447; Harpocrat. s. v. XvTpot; Steph. slain. He appears to have been a differemt person
EByz. s. v. Xd'rpoL). (Comp. Vossius, de flist. Grace. from the ephor of the preceding year. (Thuc. v.
p. 508, ed. Westermann; Clinton, Fast. Hell. vol. 51.) [E. E.]
iii. p. 566.) XE'NIA (Zevya), and the masculine Xenios
XENARCHUS (,evapXos), an Achaean, who are epithets of Athena and Zeus, describing them
was sent to Rome as an ambassador by the as presiding over the laws of hospitality, and proAchaeans, for the purpose of renewing their alli- tecting strangers. (Lat. Hospitalis;' Paus. iii. 11,
ance with the Romans, and of superintending the in fin.; Hom. Od. xiv. 389; Cic. ad Q. Fralt. ii.
progress of the negotiations with reference to the 12.) [L. S.]
Lacedaemonians. He was surprised into affixing XENIADES (eevtda'rls). 1. A Greek philohis signature to the agreement drawn up on the sopher, a native of Corinth. The age when he
latter subject at the suggestion of Flamininus. flourished is uncertain. The little that we know
(Polyb. xxiv. 4.) He found means to enter into of him is derived from Sextus Empiricus, who refriendly relations with Perseus; and it was when presents himn as holding the most ultra sceptical
he was general of the Achaeans (B. C. 174), that opinions, and maintaining that all notions are false,
Perseus got his letter about the runaway slaves of and that there is absolutely nothing true in the
the Achaeans laid before the assembly. (Liv. xli. universe (Adv. Alath. vii. 388, 399). What Sextus
28.) [C. P. M.] knew of him seems to have been derived from
XENARCHUS (E'vapXos),literary. 1.A son of Demlocritus (ib. vii. 53). He more than once
Sophron, and, like his father, a celebrated writer of couples him with Xenophanes (Pyrrhl. fIyp. ii. 18,
mimes. He flourished during the' Rhegian War adv. Aluta. vii. 48). Perhaps his representations
(B. c. 399-389), at the court of Dionysius, who is may be as exaggerated in the one case as in the
said to have employed him to ridicule the Rhegians, other (comp. XENOPHANES).
as cowards, in his poems. (Phot. and Suid. s. v. 2. A Corinthian, who became the purchaser of'Psy'vous.) His mimes are nlentioned, with those Diogenes the Cynic, when he was taken by pirates
of Sophron, by Aristotle (Poet. 2). They were in and sold as a slave (see Vol. I. p. 1021; Diog. La'rt.
the Doric dialect. (Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. s.a. 393; vi. 74). [C. P. M.]
SOPHRON.) XE'NIAS (SevLas). 1. A Parrhasian, was a'2. An Athenian comic poet of the Middle commander of mercenaries in the service of Cyrus
Comedy, who was contemporary with Timocles, the younger, whom he accompanied, with a body
and lived as late as the time of Alexander the of 300 men, to court, when he was summoned thiGreat. The following titles of his plays have been ther by his father, Dareius Nothus, in B. C. 405.
preserved, with some considerable fragments: After the return of Cyrus to western Asia, we
BovuraAXwv, A8avutxo, HIIeraOxos, Hopq5pa, lpiCa7ros, find Xenias commanding for him the garrisons in
4vKOat,:rpaTroirrls,"TcrVoo. (Suid. s. v.; Ath. the several Ionian states, and with the greater porpassin.) Fabricius and others have confounded tion of these troops, viz. 4000 hoplites, he joined
him with the mimographer, who lived sixty or the prince in his expedition against Artaxerxes,
seventy years earlier, and wrote in a different leaving behind only a sufficient number of men to
dialect. (Fabric. Bibl.Graec. vol. ii. p. 505; Clinton, guard the citadels. At Tarsus a large body of his
7.l -I. vol. ii. Introi p. xlv.; Meineke, Frag. Comn. soldiers and of those of Pasion the Megarian