A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1286 VULTURCIUS. XANTHUS.
rule aedile B. C. 197, praetor with Sicily as his
province B. c. 195, and one of the triumvirs for
founding a Latin colony in the territory of Thurii X.
in B. C. 193, in which year he was an unsuccessful
candidate for the consulship. (Liv. xxxiii. 25, 42, XANTHE (Sav0O), one of the daughters of
43, xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 9, 10.) Oceanus. (Hes. Theog. 356; Virg. Georg. iv.
In B. C. 189 Cn. Manlius Vulso was consul 336.) [L. S.]
with M. Fulvius Nobilior. He was sent into XANTHICLES (EavrKOcAs), an Achaean, was
Asia in order to conclude the peace, which his chosen to be one of the generals of the Cyrean
successor Scipio Asiaticus had made with An- Greeks in the place of his countryman Socrates,
tiochus, and to arrange the affairs of Asia. He ar- when the latter, with Clearchus and three other
rived at Ephesus in the spring of B. c. 189, and as colleagues, had been treacherously arrested by Tishe was anxious to obtain both glory and booty he saphernes, B. c. 401. When the army had reached
resolved to attack the Gallograeci or Galatians in Cotyora, a court was held to inquire into the conAsia Minor without waiting for any formal in- duct of the generals, and Xanthicles was one of
structions from the senate. He carried on the war those who were fined for a deficiency in the cargoes
with success against them, conquered in battle the of the ships, which had brought the soldiers from
three chief tribes into which they were divided, Trapezus, and of which he was a commissioner.
called the Tolistoboii, Tectosagi and Trocmi, and (Xen. Anab. iii. 1. ~ 47, v. 8. ~ 1.) [E. E.]
compelled them to submit unconditionally to the XANTHIPPE, mythological. [PLEURON.]
Roman power. After bringing this war to an end XANTHIPPE (SavOlir7nr), wife of Socrates.
by the middle of the autumn, he led his troops [SOCRATES.]
into winter quarters. The Gallograeci had by XANTHIPPUS ( Ecivrr7ros). 1. One of the
their many conquests in Asia acquired immense sons of Melas, who revolted against Oeneus, and
wealth, a large portion of which now fell into the were slain by Tydeus. (Apollod. i. 8. ~ 5.)
hands of Vulso and his army. (Liv. xxxviii. 12- 2. A son of DeYphontes. (Paus. ii. 28. ~ 3.)
27; Polyb. xxii. 16-22; Zonar. ix. 20; Appian, 3. A hero who had an heroum at Daulia, in
Syr. 39, 42.) Phocis. (Paus. x. 4. ~ 7.) [L. S.]
Manlius Vulso remained in Asia as proconsul in XANTHIPPUS ('aVLO7r7ror). 1. The son of
the following year, B. C. 188, when he formally Ariphron and father of Pericles. In B. c. 490, he
concluded the treaty with Antiochus and settled impeached Miltiades on his return from his unsucthe affairs of Asia. In the middle of the summer cessful expedition against the island of Paros. In
he crossed over from Asia into Europe, marched B. C. 484 he left Athens together with the other
through Thrace into Macedonia and Epeirus, and, inhabitants on the approach of Xerxes, and in the
passed the winter at Apollonia. In his march following year (B. C. 479) he succeeded Themistothrough Thrace his army suffered much from the cles as commander of the Athenian fleet. He comheat and the attacks of the Thracians, and he lost manded the Athenians at the decisive battle of
a considerable part of the booty he had obtained Mycale, which was fought on the coast of Ionia on
in Asia. He reached Rome in B. C. 187 and de- the same day as the battle of Plataea, September,
manded a triumph, which he obtained with diffi- B. C. 470. The Grecian fleet then sailed to the
culty in consequence of the opposition of the majority Hellespont; and when they found that the bridge
of the ten commissioners, who had been appointed had been broken down, Leotychides and the Peby the senate to conclude the peace with Antiochus loponnesians returned home forthwith. Xanthipin conjunction with Vulso. The triumph of Vulso pus, however, remained with the Athenian fleet in
was a brilliant one, but his campaign in Asia had order to subdue the Chersonese, where several of
a pernicious influence upon the morals of his coun- the Athenians had previously held considerable
trymen. He had allowed his army every kind of property. The Persians threw themselves into the
licence, and his soldiers introduced into the city town of Sestos, to which Xanthippus laid siege,
the luxuries of the East. (Liv. xxxviii. 37-41, and which was obliged to surrender early in the
44-50, xxxix. 6, 7; Polyb. xxii. 24-27; Appian, following spring (B. c. 478). The Persian governor
Syr. 42, 43.) In B. C. 184 Vulso was an unsuc- Artayctes attempted to escape, but was overtaken
cessful candidate for the censorship. (Liv. xxxix. and abandoned by Xanthippus to the vengeance of
40.) the inhabitants of Elaeus, who crucified him. [AR9. L. MANLIUS VULSO, the brother of No. 8, TAYCTES.] Xanthippus then returned to Athens
was praetor B. C. 197 with Sicily as his province, with his fleet. (Herod. vi. 131, 136; Plut. Them.
and served under his brother in Asia in B.C. 189 10; Herod. viii. 131, ix. 114-120.)
and 188. (Liv. xxxii. 27, 28,xxxviii. 20; Polyb. 2. The elder of the two legitimate sons of Perixxii. 25, 26.) cles. For an account of him, as well as for the
10. A. MANLIUS CN. F. L. N. VULSO, the authorities, see PARALUS, the name of his younger
brother of Nos. 8 and 9, was consul B. C. 178 with brother.
M. Junius Brutus. He received Gaul as his pro- 3. The Lacedaemonian, who commanded the
vince, and without consulting the senate marched Carthaginians against Regulus, is spoken of in the
against the Istri, but was unsuccessful in his cam- life of the latter. [REGULUS, p. 643, b.] Xanpaign. At the commencement of the following year thippus appears to have left Carthage a short time
he and his colleague Brutus renewed the war, and after his victory over Regulus.
with better fortune; but they were prevented from XANTHUS (cadvos). 1. A son of Triopas
bringing it to a conclusion by the arrival of the new and Oreasis, was a king of the Pelasgians at
consul C. Claudius Pulcher. (Liv. xli. 1-5 7, Argos, and afterwards settled in the island of
10, 11.) Lesbos. (Hygin. Fab. 145; Diod. v. 81; Callim.
VULTEIUS. [VOLTEIUS.] Hlyisn. in Del. 41.)
VULTU'RCIUS. LVOLTURCIUS.1 2. A. son of Phaenops, and a brother of Theon,