A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

120 PAPPUS. PAPUS.
collected works, Oxford, 1699, folio. The subject produced on modern geometry by the spirit of inof this fragment is the mode of multiplying large quiry and conjecture which its appearance at once
numbers; from which it has been suspected that excited. But, unless a full account were given of
the first two books treated of arithmetic olily. the contents of the Collections, any such digression
3. Part of the preface of the seventh book is given would be useless. (Suidas; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol.
(Gr. Lat.) by Gregory in the introduction to the ix; Trail, Life of Simson, &c.) [A. De M.]
Oxford Euclid LEUCLEIDES]. 4. The complete PAPUS, the name of a family of the patrician
preface of the seventh book, with the lemmas given Aemilia Gens.
by Pappus, as introductory to the subject of 1. M. AEMILIUS PAPUs, was created dictator in
analysis of loci (To0 a'vahvoe'rov'd7rov), are B. c. 321, in which year the Romans received
given by Halley (Gr. Lat.), in the preface to his their memorable defeat from the Samnites near
version of Apollonius, de Lectione Rationis, Oxford, Caudium. (Liv. ix. 7.)
1706, 8vo. So far Fabricius, verified by ourselves 2. Q. AEMILIUS PAPUS, twice consul, first in
in every case except the part in [ ]: we may B. c. 282, and again in 278, and censor in 275. Ill
add that Dr. Trail gave (op. cit., p. 182) two pas- both his consulships and in his censorship he had
sages (Gr. Lat.) on the classification of lines, which as colleague C. Fabricius Luscinus. In his former
had been much alluded to by Robert Simson: and consulship he was employed against the Etruscans
that Dr. Trail also states, that in the preface of an and Boians, while Fabricius was engaged in Southedition of Vieta's Apollonius Gallus, 1795, J. G. ern Italy. He completely defeated the allied
Camerer gave the Greek of the preface and lemmas forces, and the chastisement which the Boians rerelating to Tactions (7rEpl 4iracpcv). Hoffman and ceived was so severe, that Cisalpine Gaul remained
Schweiger mention the second part of the fifth book quiet for upwards of fifty years (Dionys. xviii. 5;
as published (Gr.) by H. J. Eisenmann, Paris, 1824, comp. Polyb. ii. 20). The passage in Frontinus
folio. (i. 2. ~ 7) which speaks of the defeat of the Boii
There are two Latin editions of Pappus. The by Aemilius Paullus (an error for Papus), is rightly
first, by Commandine, and published by his repre- referred by Niebuhr (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p.
sentatives, was made apparently from one manu- 430) to the above mentioned victory, though most
script only. Its description is "Pappi Alexandrini modern writers make it relate to the conquest of
Mathematicae Collectiones a Federico Commandino the Gauls by the consul of B. c. 225 [see below,....commentariis illustratae," Pisauri, 1588 (folio No. 3]. In B. c. 280 he accompanied Fabricius,
size, quarto signatures). This edition shows, in as one of the three ambassadors who were sent to
various copies, three distinct title pages, the one Pyrrhus. The history of this embassy, as well as
above, another Venetiis, 1589, a third Pisauri, of his second consulship and censorship, is given in
1602. It is remarkably erroneous in the paging the life of his colleague. [LuscINus, No. 1.]
and the catch-words; but it does happen, we 3. L. AEMILIUS Q. F. CN. N. PAPUS, grandfind, that one or the other is correct in every son apparently of No. 2, was consul B. c. 225, with
case. There is a cancel which is not found C. Atilius Regulus. This was the year of the
in some copies. The second edition, by Charles great war in Cisalpine Gaul. The Cisalpine Gauls,
Manolessius, has the same title, augmented, Bo- who had for the last few years shown symptoms of
noniae, 1660 (larger folio, quarto signatures). It hostility, were now joined by their brethren from
professes to be cleared from innumerable errors. the other side of the Alps, and prepared to invade
We cannot find any appearance of the use of any Italy. The conduct of this war was assigned to
additional manuscripts, or any thing except what Aemilius, while his colleague Regulus was sent
is usual, namely, correction of obvious misprints againt Sardinia, which had lately revolted. Aemiand commission of others. And we find that Dr. lius stationed himself near Ariminum, on the road
Trail formed the same judgment. The first edition leading into Italy by Umbria, and another Roman
is the more clearly printed. What Mersenne gives, army was posted in Etruria, under the command of
sometimes called an edition, is a mere synopsis of a praetor. The Gauls skilfully marched between
enunciations. An intended edition by John Gal- the two armies into the heart of Etruria, which
laesius, mentioned by Fabricius, never appeared. they ravaged in every direction. They defeated
The third book of Pappus treats on the dupli- the Roman praetor when he overtook them, and
cation of the cube, geometrical constructions con- would have entirely destroyed his army, but for the
nected with the three kinds of means, the placing timely arrival of Aemilius. The Gauls slowly rein a triangle two lines having a sum together treated before the consul towards their own country;
greater than that of the two sides (which was but, in the course of their march along the coast
regarded as a sort of wonder), and the inscrip- into Liguria, they fell in with the army of the
tion of the regular solids in a sphere. The other consul, who had just landed at Pisa, having
fourth book treats of various subjects of pure geo- been lately recalled from Sardinia. Thus placed
metry, as also of several extra-geometrical curves, between two consular armies, they were obliged to
as that called the quadratrix, &c. The fifth book fight, and though they had every disadvantage on
treats of the properties of plane and solid figures, their side, the battle was long contested. One of
with reference to the greatest content under given the consuls, Regulus, fell in the engagement; but
boundaries, &c., at great length. The sixth book the Gauls were at length totally defeated with
is on the geometry of the sphere. The seventh great slaughter. Forty thousand of the enemy
book is on geometrical analysis, and is preceded are said to have perished and ten thousand to have
by the curious preface, which, mutilated as it is inI been taken prisoners, among whom was one of their
parts, is the principal source of information we have kings, Concolitanus. Aemilius followed up his
on the history and progress of the Greek analysis. victory by marching through Liguria and invading
The eighth book is on mechanics, or rather on the country of the Boii, which he laid waste in
machines. A great deal might be written on every direction. After remaining there a few days
Pappus, with reference to the effect his work has he returned to Rome and triumphed. (Polyb. ii.