A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

TILPIANUS; ULPIANUS. 1279
breaking out of the first Punic war. (Zonar. viii. they miglht be recognised among the people, and
7.) that slaves and ingenui might not mingle together.
2. Q. MAMILIUS Q. F. M. N. VITTILUS, brother Ulpianus and Paulus dissuaded the emperor from
of the preceding, was consul B. C. 262 with L. this measure by good reasons. (Lamprid. Alex.
Postumius Magellus, the third year of the second Severus, c. 27.) As a proof of his confidence the
Punic war. In conjunction with his colleague emperor never saw any one of his friends alone,
Vitulus took Agrigentum. (Polyb. i. 17-20; except the Praefectus Praetorio and Ulpian; and
Zonar. viii. 10, who erroneously calls him Q. Ae- whenever he saw the praefect, he invited Ulpianl.
milius.) The emperor conferred on Ulpian the office of
3. C. MAMILIUS VITUL US, was elected max- Scriniorum magister, and made him a consiliarius:
imus curio in B. C. 209, being the first plebeian he also held the office of Praefectus Annonae, as
who had held that office. He was praetor in B. C. we see from a constitution of Alexander in which
208 with Sicily as his province, and was one of he entitles him " Domitius Ulpianus praefectus
the ambassadors sent to Philip, king of Macedonia, annonae jurisconsultus amicus meus." (Cod. 8.
in B. C. 203. He died in B. C. 174 of the pesti- tit. 38. s. 4.) He also was made Praefectus Praelence which visited Rome in that year. (Liv. torio, but it is doubtful whether he first held this
xxvii. 8, 35, 36, 38, xxx. 26, xli. 26.) post under Elagabalus or under Alexander Severus.
VI'TULUS, Q. VOCO'NIUS, is only men- The epitomator of Dion says that Ulpian prepared
tioned on coins, a specimen of which is given below, the way for his promotion to the place of Praefectus
from which it appears that he was triumvir of the Praetorio by causing his two predecessors, Fla*
mint under Julius Caesar, and was quaestor de- vianus and Chrestus, to be put to death. But there
signatus at the time the coin was struck. The is no other evidence than this. (Dion Cass. lxxx. 2.)
obverse represents the head of Julius Caesar; the Zosirnmus (i. 11) says that Ulpian was made a
reverse a vitulus, or calf with Q. VOCONIVS VITV- kind of associate with Flavianus and Chrestus in
LVS Q. DESIGN. S. C. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 344.) their office, by Mamaea, the mother of Alexander, and that the soldiers hereupon conspired
against Ulpian, but their designs were anticipated by lMamaea, who took off their instigators,'o-oC - W by whom, we must suppose, he means Flavianus
and Chrestus; and Ulpianus was made sole prae0b g c I- fectus praetorio. Ulpian perished by the hands
z J- 11~ ABdts of the soldiers, who forced their way into the
- ~05 < / u~~ palace at night, and killed him in the presence of
the emperor and his mother, A. D. 228. As this
happened so early in the reign of Alexander, the
COIN OF Q. VOCONIUS VITULUS. remark of Lampridius that the emperor chiefly
VIVIA'NUS, a Romat. jurist of uncertain time, availed himself of the advice of Ulpian in his
who is often cited by Ulpian and Paulus. It ap- administration, is only a proof of the carelessness
pears that he referred to the authority of Sabinus, of this writer. His promotion to the office of praeCassius, and Proculus, and must therefore have fectus praetorio was probably an unpopular meabeen junior to them. (Dig. 29. tit. 7. s. 14.) Pom- sure. A contest is mentioned between the Romans
ponius appears to have annotated Vivianus, and and the praetorian guards, which lasted three days,
therefore wrote after him (Dig. 13. tit. 6. s. 17. and was attended with great slaughter. The
~ 4). Vivianus may accordingly have lived under meagre epitome of Dion only leaves us to guess
Hadrian and Trajan. [G. L.] that Ulpian's promotion may have leen connected
VIVIA'NUS, A'NNIUS, the son-in-law of with it.
Corbulo, served under the latter in the East in A great part of the numerous writings of Ulpian
the reign of Nero. (Tac. Ann. xv. 28.) were still extant in the time of Justinian, and a
ULPIA'NUS, DOMI'TIUS, derived his origin much greater quantity is excerpted front him by the
from Tyrus in Phoenicia, as he states himself, compilers of the Digest than from any other jurist.
" unde mihi origo." (Dig. 50. tit. 1. s. 1.) These The number of excerpts from Ulpian is said to be
words do not prove that he was a native of Tyre, 2462; and many df the excerpts are of great
as some have supposed; they rather prove that length, and altogether they form about one-third
he was not, and that his ancestors were of that of the whole body of the Digest. It is said that
city. The time of Ulpian's birth is unknown. there are more excerpts from his single work Ad
Some of his juristical works may have bleen written Edictum than from all the works of any single
during the joint reign of Septimnius Severits and jurist. The excerpts from Paulus and Ulpian
Antoninus Caracalla (A. D. 211), but the greater together make about one half of the Digest. Those
part were written during the sole reign of Caracalla, of Ulpian compose the third volume of the Palilespecially the two great works Ad Edictum and genesia of Hominelius.
the Libri ad Sabinlum. He was banished or de- The following are the works of Ulpian which
prived of his functions nuder Elagabalus (Lamn- are mentioned in the Florentine Index, and exprid. Heliog. c. 16), wha became emperor A. D. cerpted in the Digest. The great work Ad Edicturn
217; but on the accession of Alexander Severus was in 83 libri; and there were 51 books of the
A. D. 222, he became the emperor's chief adviser, work entitled Libri ad Sabinum [SABINUS MAswho is said to have followed Ulpian's counsel in SURIus]. He also wrote 20 libri ad Leges Juliam
his administration. (Lamprid. Alex. Sever. 51.) et Papiarn; 10 de omnibus Tribunalibus; 3 de
The emperor once designed to assign a peculiar Officio Consulis 10 de Officio Proconsulis; 4 de
dress to every office and rank, so that the condition Appellationibus; 6 Fideicommissorum; 2 libri
of persons might be known from their attire; and Institutionumr; 10 Disputationumn; 6 de Censibus;
he also proposed to give slaves a peculiar dress that a work de Adulteriis; libri singulares de Officio