A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1260 VIGILIUS. VINCENTIUS.
VICTRIX. [VENUS.] bhy the title. It was first printed at Tibingen,
M. VIGE'LLIUS, a Stoic philosopher, who lived fol. 1528, again at Cologne, 8vo. 1575, and appears
with Panaetius. (Cic. de Orat. iii. 21.) under its best form, ill the works of Vigilius, as
VIGI'IIUS. Dupin enumerates six ecclesiastics collected by Chifflet, and published at Dijon, 4to.
who bore this name. 1664, in the same volume with Victor Vitensis.
1. VIGILIUS TRIDENTINUS. 2. VIGILIUS, Of II. Altercatio sutl noiine Athanasii adversus
Africa, who wrote upon the Apocalypse, as we Arium. Two dialogues between Athanasius and
learn from Cassiodorus. (Inst. Div. 9.) 3. VIGI- Arius before an arbiter named Probus. Often inLIUS, the Deacon. 4. VIGILIUS TAPSENSIS. 5. eluded in the works of Atllanasius. III. AlterVIGILIUS, bishop of Brescia. 6. VIGILIITus, a cationes tres. Three dialogues between Athanasius,
bishop who signed the acts of the council of Agde. Arins, Photius, and Sabellius, apparently a second
Of these, the first, third, and fourth only deserve and enlarged edition of the preceding piece. IV.
particular notice. De Trinitate s. De anita Trinitate Deitatis Libri
VIGILIus, bishop of Trent, hence distinguished XIl.,often included among the works of Athanasius.
by the epithet Tridentinus, flourished towards the While Chifflet assigns the whole of these books to
close of the fourth century and suffered martyrdom, Vigilius, some scholars maintain that the first eight
probably in the second consulship of Stilicho, A. D. belong to Idacius, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh to
405. This is the Vigilius, who, according to Gen- some unknown composer, and the twelfth, which
nadius, addressed to a certain Simplicianus, a bears the separate title De Trinitate et Spirit Salncto,
letter and a tract containing Gesta sui temporis apud to Augustine. V. De Unitate Trinitaltis ad Optatzeun
barbaros nzartyrum. We cannot doubt that two s. Dialogus inter Augzustinu et F;'elicianum Al rianu7n.
Epistles still extant tinder the name of Vigilius Generally included in the works of Augustine.
De Martyrio Sanctorun, Sisinii et Sociorusm, one VI. De Trinitate adsversus Vcarimnado7n (or Mariaddressed to Simplicianus, bishop of Milan, the vadum) Libri tres. Published under the name of
other to John, bishop of Constantinople, are the Idacius Clarus. VII. Ct1'(ra Palladiumss Arianun
pieces here indicated. They will be found under episcopuzn. Included in many editions of the works
their best form in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Gal. of Ambrose, and also of Gregory of Nazianzus.
land, vol. viii. (fol. Venet. 1772), p. 203. (Ambros. The whole of the six last mentioned treatises will
Ejpist. xxiv.; Gennad. de -Viris III. 37; Galland, be found in the edition of Chifflet, where the
Proleg. vol. viii. c. v. p. x.; Dupin, Ecclesiastical authenticity of each is elaborately discussed, and in
History of the fiftih Centory; Schoenemann, Bib- the Bibliotlheca Patruia Maax. fol. Lugd. 1677,
liotheca Patrumn Lat. vol. i. c. 4. ~ 26 Btihr, vol. viii. p. 743. (Walch, Bibliotheca Patrist. c. x.
Geschiclhte derRMmz. Lit. Suppl. Band. 2te Abtheil. ~ 104.) [W. R.]
~ 80.) VI'LLIA GENS, plebeian, is mentioned as
VIGILIUS, a deacon who flourished under Arca- early as B. C. 449 [VILLIUS, No. 1], but the only
dius and Honorius, is mentioned by Gennadius member of the gens who obtained the consulship
and Trithemius, as the compiler of a Regula Mlona- was P. Villius Tappulus, who was consul B.-c. 199.
clhoraum, which is still extant, and will be found, The Villii were divided into the two families of ANunder the title Regulae Orientales ex Patrum Orien- NALIS and TAPPULUS: a few persons of the name
taliumn Regalis collectae a Vigilio Diacono, in the are mentioned without any cognomen.
Codex Regularumn, published by L. Holstein, 4to. VI'LLIUS. 1. P. VILLIUS, one of the tribunes
Rom. 1661, Paris. 4to. 1663, and also in the work of the plebs elected upon the expulsion of the deof Brockie, fol. Aug. Vind. 1759, vol. i. p. 60. cemvirs in B. C. 449. (Liv. iii. 54.)
(Schoenemann, Bibliotheca Patrum Labt. vol. ii. 2. C. VILLIUs, a friend of Tib. Gracchus, was
~ 23.) cruelly put to death by the ruling party after the
VIGILIus, bishop of Thapsus, in Byzacium, hence murder of Gracchus in B. C. 133. He is said to
designated Tapsensis, flourished towards the close have been shut up in a vessel with snakes andc
of the fifth century when Africa was overrun by vipers, which was the manner in which parricides
the Arian Vandals. Being an orthodox Catholic, were put to death. (Plut. Tib. Gracch. 20.)
he was driven from his see by Hunneric, in A. D. VINCE'NTIUS, surnamed LIRINENSIS,
484, and took refilge at Constantinople, where he from the celebrated monastery in the island of
composed several works, chiefly of a polemical Lerins, where he officiated as a presbyter, was by
character. Of those enumerated below, the first birth a native of Gaul. Mie are not acquainted
has always borne the name of Vigilius, although with any particulars regarding his career, except
frequently ascribed to Vigilius of Trent; the others that he died in the reign of Theodosius and Valenhave been found in MSS., some bearing the name tinian, about A. D. 450. His fame rests upon a
of Athanasius, some of Idacius Clarus, some of treatise against heretics. composed, as we are told
Augustine, and it has been conjectured by Dupin in the body of the work itself, three years after
that they were originally given to the world under the council of Ephesus, that is, in A. D. 434. It
these false colours, either for the sake of avoiding commonly bears the title Coonaonitorizzaz pro Cat/opersecution, or in the belief that the arguments licae fidei antiquitate et uzniversitate adversas prowould be listened to with more respect, and make fsnas omlniumz Haereticorllm novitates, but accorda more forcible impression if supposed to proceed ing to Gennadius, when first published, it did not
from such illustrious fathers. It is manifest that exhibit the name of the writer, and was designated
such a proceeding must have given rise to the Pereyrini (i. e. the Pilgrim) adversus Haereticos.
greatest confission, and it is now almost impossible We are farther told that it was originally divided
to determine with certainty the real history of these into two parts, but that the second of these having
tracts. been stolen from the repositories of the author, lihe
I. Adversus TNestorium et Eutychem Li/)ri quinque contented himself with briefly recapitulating the
pro defensione Synodi Chalcedonensis; the nature substance of what it had contained, and gave his
and object of this piece are sufficiently indicated work to tile world in one book. The great aim of