A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

VALERIA GALERIA. VALERIA GENS. 1215
-VALENT1'NUS, TU'LLIUS, a chieftain of even before the established period of mourning had
tle Treviri, who endeavoured to persuade the Gauls expired. She was in consequence exposed to the
to join in the revolt of Civilis and Classicus brutal fury of the disappointed prince, stripped of
(A. D. 70), but was unsuccessful, on account of her possessions, and banished along with her
the opposition of Julius Auspex and the Remi; so mother to the deserts of Syria; nor could the
that only the Treviri and Lingones rebelled. earnest entreaties of Diocletian, whose end is said
Valentinus acted as the leader of the Treviri, but to have been hastened by the misfortunes of his
took more pains to secure their fidelity by ha- wife and child, procure any alleviation of their
rangues than their success by warlike preparations. misery. Upon the death of their enemy in 314,
AWhen Cerealis passed the Alps, Valentinus joined they repaired in disguise to the court of LiciniLs,
Tutor in the attempt to oppose him. In his ab- to whose care Valeria had been consigned by her
sence two legions, which had surrendered to Clas- husband with his dying breath; but far from obsicus at Novesium and Bonna some time before, taining at Nicomedia the protection and honour
and, after taking the oath to the empire of Gaul, which they anticipated, they found themselves,
had been marched to the city of Treviri, volun- after witnessing the murder of Candidianus and of
tarily took the oath to Vespasian, and on the Severianus, compelled to provide for their safety
return of Valentinus and Tutor after their defeat by a precipitate flight; and having wandered for
by Cerealis retired to the friendly state of the many months over various provinces in a humble
Mediomatrici. Valentines and Tutor roused the disguise, were at length discovered at Thessalonica,
Treviri anew to arms, and, in order to make themin probably in the year A. D. 315, where they were
desperate, killed Herennius and Numisius, the both beheaded and their bodies cast into the sea.
legates of the above legions. Cerealis soon marched It has been conjectured that Valeria and Prisca
against them from Magontiacum, stormed the must at one period have betrayed some favour for
strong position of Valentinus at Rigodulum, and Christianity, for we are told that they were the
entered Treviri, where he harangued and pardoned first persons whom Diocletian required to offer
the two legions just mentioned, as well as the sacrifice to the pagan deities when he commenced
Treviri and Lingones. Valentinus, who had been his persecution; and Tillemont seems to regard all
taken prisoner at Rigodulum, was sent into Italy, their subsequent sufferings as a temporal punishand was delivered up to Mucianus anid Domitian, ment for their weak compliance with the commands
who were on their march to support Cerealis. He of the emperor.
was condemned to death, and while undergoing Our chief authority for the history of this unhis sentence, when some one taunted him with the happy lady is the writer of the treatise De Mortibus
misfortunes of his country, he replied that he ac- persecutooum [CAECILIUS] (cc. 12, 15, 35, 39, 40,
cepted death as a solace for them. (Tac. Hist. iv. 41, 42, 50, 51), whose notices have been collected,
69-74, 85). [P. S.] combined, and cast in an imposing form by Gibbon
VALENTI'NUS, VALE'RIUS, accused C. in the fourteenth chapter of his history. [X. R.]
Cosconius under the Servilia lex (probably De
leesetsssndis); and although the guilt of Cosconius
was clear he was acquitted in consequence of an -' o0
indecent verse of Valentinus being read in court. / F
(Val. Max. viii. 1. abs. 8; comp. Festus, s. v. Ai l
Tap)pulasu, p. 36:3, ed. Miller.). V [A
A. VALENTIUS, the Greek interpreter of
Verres in Sicily, was one of his instruments of
oppression in that province. (Cic. Verr. iii. 37, j.
iv. 26.)
VALE'RIA. 1. The sister of P. Valerius
Publicola, is said to have advised the Roman matrons to ask Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, to
go to the camp of Coriolanus in order to deprecate VALE'RIA MESSALI'NA. [MESsALINA.]
his resentment. (Dionys. viii. 39, foll.) Respecting VALE'RIA POLLA. [POLLA, No. 1.]
her connection with the legend of Coriolanus, see VALE'RIA GENS, patrician and afterwards
Niebuhr, vol. ii. p. 102, foll. plebeian also. The Valeria gens was one of the
2. The last wife of Sulla, was the daulghter of most ancient and most celebrated at Rome; and
M. Valerius Messala. She attracted the notice of no other Romanl gens was distinguished for so long
Sulla at the theatre, and he married her towards a period, although a few others, such as the Corthe end of his life. Soon after his death she bore nelia gens, produced a greater number of illustrious
a daughter. Plutarch calls her a sister of the men. The Valerii are universally admitted to
orator Hortensius, but this is a mistake probably have been of Sabine origin, and their ancestor Voarising from the fact that the sister of Hortensius lesus or Volusus is said to have settled at Rome
married a Valermus Messala. (Plut. Sull. 35, 37: with Titus Tatius. (Dionys. ii. 46; Plut. Nusn.
Drumann, Geselichte Roms, vol. ii. p. 508.) 5, Publ. 1.) One of the descendants of this VoVALE'RIA, GALE'RIA, the daughter'of Dio- lesus, P. Valerius, afterwards surnamed Publicola,
cletian and Prisca, was upon the reconstruction of plays a distinguished part in the story of the exthe empire in A. D. 292 [DIOCLETIANUS] united pulsion of the kings, and was elected consul in the
to Galerius, one of the new Caesars, by whom she first year of the republic, B. C. 509. From this
had no offsprinlg, but adopted his illegitimate son time forward down to the latest period of the em,
Candidianus. After the death of her husband in pire, for nearly a thousand years, the name occurs
311 Valeria rejected the proposals of his successor more or less frequently in the Fasti, and it was
Maximinus, who, having become enamoured of her borne by the emperors Maximifius, Maximianus,
person and her wealth, sought to gain her hand Maxentius, Diocletian, Constantius, Constantine the