A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PANTAENUS. PANTALEON. 113
head of Apollo, and on the reverse Pallas in a his labours before his death appears firom an exchariot drawn by four horses; it is supposed by pression of Eusebius (H. EI. v. 10), TEXeureov
Eckhel more ancient than the time of the consul, 6'7e?'raL. We do not know the exact date of his
and is therefore referred by him to the father or death, but it cannot have been prior to A. D. 211,
grandfather of the latter. The next two coins as he lived to the time of Caracalla. His name has
belong to the consul. The former bears on the a place in the calendar of the Roman Church, on
obverse the head of Bacchus, and on the reverse the seventh of July. He was succeeded by CleCeres in a chariot drawn by two dragons: the mens Alexandrinus. This, with some other points,
latter has on the obverse a youthful head, and on has been disputed by Dodwell (ad Irenaeaum, p.
the reverse Ceres with a torch in each of her hands 501, &c.). who makes Pantaenus to be not the preand with a pig by her side. (Eckhel, vol. v. decessor, but the successor of Clemens. He was a
p. 339.) man of much eloquence, if we may trust the
opinion of Clemens, who calls him a Sicilian bee.
Both Eusebius and Jerome speak of his writings,
the latter mentioning his Commentaries on the
Scriptures, but we have not even a fragment of
them. Cave states that he is numbered by Anastasius of Sinai amongst the commentators who reBfi~2S? I9 l A mp S~aferred the six days' work of the Creation to Christ
sNPo~; J~ and the Church. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p.
569; Cave, Apostolici, p. 127, &c., 1list. Lit. vol.
i. p. 81,&c.; Euseb. [I.E. v. 10.) [W.M.GJ.]
PANTA'LEON (arv1raXAwv), historical. 1. A;..'7'.~. -/'e tson of Alyattes, king of Lydia, by an Ionian woman.
tHis claim to the throne in preference to his brother
is a M, " 1 5 5, Croesus was put forward by his partisans during
~,~,~r >\ < ]Jvour kg Cros the lifetime of Alyattes, but that monarch decided?,.~d god>'"~.~ ~~ 9in favour of Croesus. (Herod. i. 92.)
Pisa in Elis at the period of the 34th Olympiad
COINS OF C. VIBIUS PANSA, Cos. Ft. L 43. (B. C. 644), assembled an army, with which he
made himself master of Olympia, and assumed
PA'NTACLES (lavrwtcAj s), an Athenian, im- by force the sole presidency of the Olympic
mortalized by Aristophanes as a pre-eminently games on that occasion. The Eleans on this
stupid man, who, preparing to conduct a procession, account would not reckon this as one of the
put on his helmet before he fixed the crest to it. regular Olympiads. (Paus. vi. 21. ~ 1, 22. ~ 2.)
He was ridiculed also for his stupidity by Eupolis We learn also from Strabo that Pantaleon assisted
in the Xpcorovpy&evos. (Arist. Ran. 1034; Schol. the Messenians in the second Messenian war
ad loc.; comp. Meineke, Fragmn. Corn. Graec. (Strab. viii. p. 362), which, according to the chrovol. i. p. 145, ii. p. 544.) [E. E.] nology of Pausanias, followed by Mr. Clinton, nlust
PANTAENUS (Icavialos), the favourite pre- have been as much as thirty years before; but
ceptor of Clemens Alexandrinus. Of what country C. 0O. Miiller and Mr. Grote regard the intervention
he was originally, is uncertain. Cave endeavours to of Pantaleon as furnishing the best argument for
reconcile the various accounts by conjecturing that the real date of the war in question. (Clinton,
he was of Sicilian parentage,but that he was born in F. H. vol. i. p. 188; MUiller's Dorians, vol. i.
Alexandria. In this city he Uwas undoubtedly edu- p. 171; Grote's Greece, vol. ii. p. 574.)
cated, and embraced the principles of the stoical school 3. A Macedonian of Pydna, an officer in the
of philosophy. We do not find it mentioned who the service of Alexander, who was appointed by him
parties were that instructed him in the truths of governor of Memphis, B. C. 331. (Arr. Anab. iii. 5.
Christianity, but we learn from Photius (Cod. i 18) ~ 4.)
that he was taught by those who had seen the 4. An Aetolian, one of the chief citizens and
Apostles, though his statement that he had heard political leaders of that people, who was the prinsome of the Apostles themselves justly appears to cipal author of the peace and alliance concluded by
Cave chronologically impossible. About A.D. 181, the Aetolians with Aratus and the Achaeans, a. c.
he had acquired such eminence that he was ap- 239. (Plut. Arat. 33.) He was probably the same
pointed master of the catechetical school in Alex- as the father of Archidamus, mentioned by Polyandria, an office which he discharged with great bius (iv. 57).
reputation for nine or ten years. At this time the 5. An Aetolian, probably a grandson of the prelearning and piety of Pantaenus suggested him as ceding, is first mentioned as one of the ambassadors
a proper person to conduct a missionary enterprise charged to bear to the Roman general, M. Acilius
to India. Of his success there we know nothing. Glabrio, the unqualified submission of the AetoBut we have a singular story regarding it told by lians, B. c. 191. (Polyb. xx. 9.) Again, in B. C.
St. Jerome. It is said that he found in India a 169 he appears as one of the deputies at Thermus
copy of St. Matthew's Gospel, written inl Hebrew, before C. Popillius, when he uttered a violent
which had been left by St. Bartholomew, and that harangue against Lyciscus and Thoas. (Id. xxviii.
he brought it back with hins to Alexandria. He 4.) He is also mentioned as present with Euprobably resumed his place in the catechetical menes at Delphi, when the life of that monarch
school, which had been filled during his absence by was attempted by the emissaries of Perseuis. On
his pupil and friend Clemens. The persecution this occasion he is termed by Livy' Aetoliae
under Severus, A. D. 202, drove both Pantaenus princeps." (Liv.xlii. 15.)
and Clemens into Palestine; but that he resumed 6. A king of Bactria, or rather perhaps of tIe
VOL, iII. I