A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1196 TYRANNION. TYRRHEUS.
(Theog.'869), and a fearful hurricane; who by cording to the scarcely credible statement of Suidas
Echidna became the father of the dog Orthus, (s. v.) collected himself a library of 30,000 volumes.
Cerberus, the Lernaean hydra, Chimaera, and the Cicero alludes to a small work of his (ad Att. xii.
Sphynx. (TIeog. 306; comp. Apollod. ii. 3. ~ 1, 6), but we do not learn the subject of it. Tyraniii. 5. ~ 8.) Notwithstanding the confusion of the nion died at a very advanced age of a paralytic
two beings in later writers, the original meaning stroke.
of Typhaon was preserved in ordinary life. (Ari- 2. A native of Phoenicia, the son of Artemidorus,
stoph. Ran. 845; Plin. H. N. ii. 48.) Typhoeus, and a disciple of the preceding. His original name
on the other hand, is described as the youngest son was Diocles. He was taken captive in the war
of Tartarus and Gaea, or of Hera alone, because between Antonius and Octavianus, and was purshe was indignant at Zeus having given birth to chased by Dymas, a freedman of the emperor. By
Athena. Typhoeus is described as a monster with him he was presented to Terentia, the wife of
a hundred heads, fearful eyes, and terrible voices Cicero, who manumitted him. He taught at Rome,
(Pind. Pyth. i. 31, viii. 21, O1. iv. 12); he wanted and according to Suidas, wrote 68 works. The
to acquire the sovereignty of gods and -men, but following are mentioned:-1. Iepl'rSs'Ou77mptUis
was subdued, after a fearful struggle, by Zeus, with 7rpoovaias!. 2. rplepl'R, Pepa'oiv A&yov. 3. nlepl
a thunderbolt. (Hes. 177eog. 821, &c.) He begot Ti's'Pwcyuatcs aAe'cK'rov, showing that the Latin
the winds, whence he is also called the father of language is derived from the Greek. 4. Toil'Av.
the Harpies (Val. Flacc. iv. 428), but the be- TL-Y6EVovs W'PopaUOi'c &dAleCTos. 5.'"O-L ola~pneficent winds Notus, Boreas, Argestes, and Ze- 0,oilow ol 1eTr'epoI 7rol7'al 7rp's "Op47pov. 6.'E{phyrus, were not his sons. (Hes. Tlheog. 869, &c.) TO yrLsoi Tvpavv[wvos upepapuov. 7. AldpOweLs
Aeschylus and Pindar describe him as living in a'OanpKu.. 8.'OpOoypao[a. Tyrannion is mentioned
Cilician cave. (Pind. Pyth. viii. 21; comp. the dif- in the scholia on Homer (Schol. Marc. ad II. 1'.
ferent ideas in Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1210, &c., and 92, 155, 169).
Herod. iii. 5.) He is further said to have at one 3. Suidas mentions a third writer of the name
time been engaged in a struggle with all the im- of Tyrannion, a Messenian, who wrote a work on
mortals, and to have been killed by Zeus with a augury (owlvoco7rucK) in three books, and some
flash of lightning; he was buried in Tartarus under other works.
Mount Aetna, the workshop of Hephaestus. (Ov. A work IIepl ToO ecoXrovo JueTpov is ascribed by
Her. xv. 11, Fast. iv. 491; Aeschyl. Pront. 351, Suidas (s. v. v. coXl J) to a writer named Tyrannion,
&c.; Pind. Pyth. i. 29, &c.) The later poets fre- and stated to have been written at the suggestion
quently connect Typhoeus with Egypt, and the of Caius Caesar. If this notice is correct, and the
gods, it is said, when unable to hold out against Tyrannion meant is the second of that name, he
him, fled to Egypt, where, from fear, they meta- must have reached a very advanced age when he
morphosed themselves into animals, with the ex- commenced this treatise, even supposing him to
ception of Zeus and Athena. (Anton. Lib. 28; have been young when he was brought to
Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 28; Ov. Met. v. 321, &c.; Rome. [C. P. M.]
comp. Apollod. i. 6. ~ 3; Ov. Fast. ii. 461; Horat. TYRIA'SPES (Tvpdosrl7s), a Persian, who in
Casrmn. iii. 4. 53.) [L. S.] B. C. 327 was appointed by Alexander the Great
TYRA'NNION (TvpavY'lwv). 1. A Greek to the satrapy of the Paropamisadae, west of the
grammarian, a native of Amisus in Pontus, the son river Cophen. In the following year Alexander
of Epicratides, or, according to some accounts, of commissioned him and Philippus to reduce the
Corymbus. He was a pupil of Hestiaeus of Amisus, Assacenians, who had revolted (Arr. Anab. iv. 22,
and was originally called Theophrastus, but received v. 20.) [E. E.]
from his instructor the name of Tyrannion on TYRO (Tvp&), a daughter of Salmoneus and
account of his domineering behaviour to his fellow Alcidice, was the wife of Cretheus, and the bedisciples. He afterwards studied under Dionysius loved of the river-god Enipeus in Thessaly, in the
the Thracian at Rhodes. In B. C. 72 he was taken form of whom Poseidon appeared to her, and becaptive by Lucullus, who carried him to Rome. came by her the father of Pelias and Neleus. By
At the request of Murena Tyrannion was handed Cretheus she was the mother of Aeson, Pheres, and
over to him, upon which he emancipated him, an Amythaon. (Hom. Od. xi. 235, &c.; Apollod.
act with which Plutarch (Lucullus, 19) finds fault, i. 9. ~ 8.) [L. S.]
as the emancipation involved a recognition of his TYRO SABI'NIJS. [SABINUS.]
having been a slave, which does not seem to have TYRRHE'NUS (TvPP7rlvds or Tvpirv7dJs), a son
been the light in which Lucullus regarded him. of the Lydian king Atys and Callithea, and a
At Rome Tyrannion occupied himself in teaching. brother of Lydus, is said to have led a Pelasgian
He was also employed in arranging the library of colony from Lydia into Italy, into the country of
Apellicon, which Sulla brought to Rome. (Plut. the Umbrians, and to have given to the colonists
Sulla, 26.) Cicero employed him in a similar his name, Tyrrhenians. (Herod. iv. 94; Dionys.
manner, and speaks in the highest terms of the Hal. i. 27.) Others call Tyrrhenus a son of Helearning and ability which Tyrannion exhibited in racles by Omphale (Dionys. i. 28), or of Telephus
these labours. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 4, b. 1. 8, a. 2). and Hiera, and a brother of Tarchon. (Tzetz. ad
Cicero also availed himself of his services in the Lyc. 1242, 1249.) The name Tarchon seems to
instruction of his nephew Quintus (ad Quint. Fratr. be only another form for Tyrrhenus, and the two
ii. 4. ~ 2; comp. ad Att. ii. 6. ~ 1, xii. 6. ~ 1, 2. names represent a Pelasgian hero founding settle~ 2, 7. ~ 2, ad Quint. Fr. iii. 4. ~ 5). Strabo (xii. ments in the north of Italy. (Comp. MUller, Die
p. 548) speaks of having received instruction from Etrusker, vol. i. p. 72, &c.) [L. S.]
Tyrannion. The geographical knowledge of Ty-. TYRRHEUS, a shepherd of king Latinus.
rannion seems to have been considerable; at any Ascanius once, while hunting, killed a tame stag
rate Cicero thought highly of it. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 6.) belonging to Tyrrheus, whereupon the country
Tyrannion amassed considerable wealth, and ac- people took up arms, which was the first conflict in